Music Theory: Pitch, Rhythm, Timbre, Dynamics, and Melody - Prof. Keiko Sakakibara, Exams of Japanese Language

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Pitch – A highness and lowness that is measured by amplitude Noise-Sound that is unfocused, can’t discern, complex sound of vibrations Timbre-tone quality of pitches, measured by fractional vibrations Amplitude-is the size of the vibration, and determines how loud the sound is Piano-Quiet or soft Mezzo forte-moderately loud Forte-loud Rhythm-determines when the pitches occur and how long they last Beat-a main accent or rhythmic unit in music or poetry Meter-help organize the tune , strong beat followed by a weak beat Duple-1 strong beat followed by 1 weak beat Triple-1 strong beat followed by 2 weak beats simple –the division of the beat is naturally in half compound-the division of the beat is naturally in thirds Melody-the organization of pitches, colored by rhythm, making single idea. Dynamics-The varying level of volume of sound in different parts of a musical performance Conjunct Melody-melody made up of whole steps and half steps Disjunct Melody-melody made up of larger intervals Interval-distance between 2 notes Half –a semitone, note c to c sharp Whole step- two half steps, note d to e Strophic Form-elaborating a piece of music by repetition of a single section. Ballad –poetry in music that tells a story Ballad Meter-is a type of poetry that uses alternating lines ABCB Iambic Foot-syllable stressing. Unstressed followed by stressed. Modified Ballad Meter-adding the extra line, the 4th^ line is repeated Crammed Iambic Foot-bunch of syllables crammed into 1 line Short Meter-iambic verses or lines, the first, second, and fourth having each three feet, and the third four feet. Terraced Melody-voices that go in step motion Vocables-Utterances that are used in an ornamental fashion Gritos-Cries in Mexican music Clave Rhythm-2 measures in length, 3+2(long,long,long,s,s,s) or2+ Major Scale-w,w,h,w,w,w,h Minor Scale-w,h,w,w,h,w,w Major Triad-M3 between the bottom and middle notes,m3 btwn middle and top, happy Minor Triad-m3 between the bottom and middle notes,M3 btwn middle and top,sad Harmony-2 or more pitches playing at the same time

Monophony-Music consisting of a single musical line, without accomp. Polyphony-2 or more independent lines occurring at the same time Homophony-1 line supported by the other line Octave-8 notes occupying the interval between two notes. C to C, 2: Perfect 5th- Interval spanning 5 consecutive notes in a diatonic scale Shout-Music back during slavery, used for work songs, to vent out, or pass the time away from work load Concert Spiritual-written down hymns, notated and harmonized, but anonymous. Melisma- one note on a bunch of syllables Syncopation-where a composer stresses on the weak beats or the weak part of the beats.