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Moore's law
number of transistors that could be squeezed onto a chip was doubling about every 18 months. thus computer speed double's every 18 months TERM 2
types of errors in scientific
computing
DEFINITION 2
- machine, hardware malfunctions2) software errors3) blunders4) truncation5) numerical or rounding error TERM 3
machine hardware
malfunctions
DEFINITION 3 very rare but possible.pentium floating error TERM 4
blunders
DEFINITION 4
- programming the wrong formula depending on the QA,QC implemented, can be very common these errors can arise from typos or other outright arros TERM 5
truncation
DEFINITION 5
- a floating point number often cannot be represented exactly by the computer. only a fixed storage length is available. often a portion of the number must be truncated or rounded- sums of series of numbers vary depending on the order in which they are added
numerical or rounding error
- ill conditioning or sensitivity of problem - example: finding the intersection of 2 nearly parallel lines2) sability of algorithm - can also use inappropriate algorithm. example: taylor series expansion to evaluate exp(x) TERM 7
accuracy
DEFINITION 7
- refers to how closely a computed or measured value corresponds to the true value TERM 8
absolute error
DEFINITION 8
- has associated unitsabs error= abs( true value- approx) TERM 9
relative error
DEFINITION 9 dimensionlessrelative error= (true val - approx)/(true val) TERM 10
bits in ASCII, Extended ASCII, Unicode
DEFINITION 10 ASCII= 7 bitExtended ASCII= 8 bitUnicode= 8 to 32 bit
em machine epsilon
the smallest number (power of 2) that when added to 1 is greater than 1 TERM 17
ribbon
DEFINITION 17 includes tabs for each categorycannot be modified by usercan beminimized to save screen space TERM 18
formula bar
DEFINITION 18
- displays cell address and formula of active cell TERM 19
status bar
DEFINITION 19 displays status of active window and keyboard features at bottom of windowalso provides summary of selected numerical data- sum, min, max, numerical count, count average TERM 20
cells
DEFINITION 20 can hold values, folumas, objectsColumn A row 1external references (other workbooks)remote references (other applications)
region
is a range with blank rows and columns surrounding itexcel uses them to determine the particular range of interest TERM 22
names
DEFINITION 22 -text description for individual cell or group of cells. names can include letters,$, periods, underscore, but must begin with letter or underscore. can be up to 255- by default names are absolute refdefine a name by1_ highlight range type name in box2) insert/name/define TERM 23
passwords
DEFINITION 23 passwords can be 15 characters, are case sensitive, and require confirmation when first entered- open password: cannot open file without a password- password to modify TERM 24
cell protection
DEFINITION 24 cell protection is set under the cell format option. cells can be locked, which prevents any changes. cells can also be hidden, which prevents formulas from being seen. the default is locked bu not hidden. call protection is only active when the worksheet is protected TERM 25
excel sequence in operations
DEFINITION 25
- parentheses2) exponential calculations3) multiplication and division4) addition and subtraction
#REF!
reference errorproblem with cell reference TERM 32
#VALUE!
DEFINITION 32 value errortrying to calculate text or incorrect arguments for a worksheet function TERM 33
#NULL!
DEFINITION 33 Null errorno intersection for the ranges identified in the formula TERM 34
circular reference
DEFINITION 34 a reference that refers back upon itself TERM 35
sumif()
DEFINITION 35 (range,criteria, sum_range)allow the adding for cells that meet a specific criteria
AND, OR
and(logic 1, logic 2)returns true only if all are rightor(logic 1, logic 2)returns true if any is true TERM 37
NOT
DEFINITION 37 reverses the meaning of a logic value TERM 38
count
DEFINITION 38 counts numbers, dates, times TERM 39
counta
DEFINITION 39 counts, numbers, text, logical values, error valuesdoes not count empty cells TERM 40
MOD()
DEFINITION 40 (number, divisor)gives remainder
