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EXE1t<11se
The Skull
REVIEW SHEET
The Axial Skeleton
A lns1ruetors mayassign a portion
V of the Rtview Sheet questions
using Mastenng A&P"'
Lab Time/Date ____________
- First. match the bone names Incolumn B with the descriptloM in columnA (the Items In column B may be used more man once).
Th eo circle Ibc bar,c~ io column B that arc cranial bones
Colum n A Column B
b
- forms the anterior cranium
a. !thmoid
D
- cheekbo~
~
frontal
-\
/.
hyoid
- bridge of nose
~inferior nasal concha
-s
/.
lacrimal
posterior bones of the hard pala te
K
I.
muchof the lateraland superior cranium
,A
maxilla
L
single, irregular. bat-shaped boneforming part
/.
n asal
of the cra'1ial base
/.
occipr.al
~
tiny bones bearing tear ducts
/
palanne
Gr
,/
parietal
- anterior pa rt of ha rd palate
/.
s;,henold
A
superior arid middle nasal conchae fonmfrom
temporal
its projectio ns
/.
vomer
H
- site of masto'd process
/. z,,·gomatic
~
-r
1 1. has condyles th ,, t arucl. late wir.n tre atlas
c_,
- sria!I U-shar.>~ ~,,..,~ in r:eck.
1
N,'1t-re ma, y
tong•Je ml.'scl~~ .;,it.¼r.h
l
-A
- or !fan o1 he~:ir ~ 10," 1 d r,,.-~
N
two bor,e~ ti,n f,nn 'hi:-, ;~I s~ptum
t
form, tt·e mo~t ,nf~·,., r ,,.'bL~ef~.!
115
136
RevitwSttttt
2
· U:iro ct-o.":; fr.>rr tie
iurrberta k.ey to the rignt Identify al boie: a,o
bone ma~ing: orovided wn, vanou~ leader line:
in
tie t\vc foAO.,mg chotogra::,s. A coloreo dot at
the eno of a ltaoe; 11,e indica:,s a bone. Leader
hnes wltnout a colort!l dot
ino 1 ca1, booe 'Tlar~.mos. Not, that ,-om,r.
~c,enolo bon,. ano ~omati: bo,,, will each be
Labeled twlCe.
'2-
\
.3 4
_Ke; __ 1. alvelola
r p,oce~se:
- :a rot.Id canal
3. ~hmolo oone
(pe
rperdlcular plate)
- external occipital
protuberance
5. f0<amen lacerum
6. fCtamtn magnum
- foramen ova~
- frontal bOne
- glabella
1 o. incisive f~:;a
1 1. interior nasal concha
- inferior orbital fis~ure
1 3. infraorbital foramen
Jugular foramer
lacrirr.3 1 bone
mandible
mandibular fossa
\i
- mandibular symph~is
mastoid process
maxilla
mental foramen
nasal bone
23. occipital bone
- occipital condyle
palatine bone
2 6. palatine proces~ of maxilla
27. parietal bo ne
- spher.oid bone
29. stylold
process
30. !it)'lomanoid fo ramen
- superior ort>ital fissure
32. su
praorbital foramen
33. temporal bone
34. vomer
35. zygomatlc
bone
G
- zygomatic proce:s
131 R!'t'lewShttt
TheVertebral
Column
lO. The
di>tinguishin 9 characteristics
of the
vertebrae compo:;in
tne vertebral colum!l
are noted below.
CorrecrJ<; ide
ntify each
~scnbed
structure b~·
choo~ng a respon
se from the key.
Key: a.
atlas
b. axis
c. cer.kal
vertebra-typical
d.
coccyx
e.
lumbar vertebra
f.
sacruM
g. thoradc
~ .i_ec:-,l.::_
\le., ~
vertebra type co
ntaining foramina i'l
the transver~ proces~s
. thro~gh w
'l1ch tne vertebral arter-
ies ascend to r
each the brain (s)
2. cem here
provides a pivot
for rotation of the
first cervical verteb
ra (C,)
- trar~·erse
process~ faceted
for articulation ~mh
rib:; :pinous
process pointing
t'larply
downward
- composite
bone; articulates
with the hip bone
laterally
- mas.sive
vertebra; weight-sustaining
·,ail bo ne" fusee
ve11ebrae
Lu.,f""DC.,.
~ \J e..--
\c;.-'Dr::9-
Co C.C'-{ ><
M\a,5 7. supporu
the heac; alows
a rocking motion
in conJunaic-,
witn the ocdpnal
ccn:fyles
- U~ng t"le
key, ccrreetl,· ide
n:ey th e verte:i·al
paru/areas described
below. (More than
o,e choice may
apply in some cases
.) Also
use tne
key lener;; to correctl
y identify the
vertebral areas in tne
diagram.
Key:
a. body
d
pecicle
b. irter.,-ertebral
forarrina
e. spinoJs process
c. lar,ma
t. sJperiO! articu
lar facet
1. cavity
en::lo::ing the
spinal cord
2. weiq'lt-bearing
portion of t.i e
•:ertebra
--a.. ccL-=-Y,,__,--
-n-~sl/X.
- prc,,Je ;,r:
art i:: Jlatb n point fe
r the ribs
u
\
\ 0-\e.
,-Je k::,,;-o.l. ~~'
·"o:e~ir;g
scr,: 1 ·1::!'lg for exit
of spinal nerves
\
A,rch
- · \J o--te.'br0-
- =:r ~ctu~~;
tn~t te rr; dn en
~iO$•Jre fo' the spinal
cord
"(e
A, c_ \e. \9m
1Aq 7. ~J Jct
U't: L'1c 1·1;:,11· 11 :~
,~rtet>ral a rch
g. transv
er.e proce;s
n. vertebral
aro,
i. v
ertebral forarr:-e,
I I
I
'
.
tJJ
!
,,,.,.., .....
V•• \ ... .\
' V~
·i·
I
- ~scribe hO'W
a ~pin al ner,•e exi
ts frorr :l"e ve11e u
ibl C'cl wrm. ~.1,:::..1,_
1
ro......:;..\ __ \:x;..;;_~_e
_s __ e..x.: ,t
"":> __ -~ __~--~
h,-
'}U-\ rtA
\
Narre two factors/nrJcture~
t'1at pe
rmit flexio1!rty ol th~
vert~tJr;i l col.;i!n
Voe.
-=-::::,
d ' ld 3 -
-:S~~t.d _____
_
~
\ ' \
14. What
kine of nssJe ma
kes up the ii terverteora
l di~ c:;~~
--lZJ""'-D~___
-n __ ~_ef-r---'..-------------
lle-.;ew
ShM 9 139
1 s. Wnat i: a hernaat~ disc? ~ 'e.u.-:::. J'½po~uS. Com ~ a-, Sp1 ro... \ c_c::,~
Wh at problem~ mi9nt it cau~ ':::::=c,--:---------- --------------
Ya~\J 51 ~
- WhlCh two $pinal curvature;; are ObVlOuat birth? mD
1
9 CIC and _.5::ic ,-a.)
.....a=-.....a.aa""--a------
Un de r what conditions do the ~ondary curvature: develop
7
~e.y de..'-.le.,\ 09 Cx- cx:.c_y..r-
B 1fu c:cr~ ce.02\D:?:0eM·
- U:e the key to label the structures on the thoracic region of the ve rtebral column.
Key: a. ,ntervertebral discs
b. intervertebral foramina
c. :pinO\J, pro:es$es
d. thoraoc vertebrae
e. tran~r$e proces:~
R"'1ew Sheet 9 141
The Fetal Skull
22. Are th e same sk ull bones ~en in the adult also found in the fetal sk ull? --~......- ~~----------
- How does th e siZe of the fetal face compare torn cra ni um? ¾C(,
~ \ ----\r-c \o:r:tf C.'CT.An \ v..('{)
How does t hiHom pa re to the adultskull? A~ u_" 1 Cxu..f\u ('(1 ,--s 5M~\ \e., C-.nd -+-he
.\o..OCL\ ::ores 0re p--o 13 x -- -- 1 0~--\e 1.':! \0-, .5 e., a r'd (YtO -e
"7<o 0\ , re A--.
24. Wn at are tl",e outward conkal Proi ectio ns on some of the f etal cranial booes? Oss 1 -\I m.+ IcY7 C,.e.11 --\e..,:s
- What is a fontanelle ' '-".; bn.>vC::> l'.Y'('Q'\Q[CY1? CC) (\f\ c'..c-4 ,n s t +Ct l 5)(,u(I l:::o'.1:...S
Whatisi~ fa te' Y rqj<rc:'.55 t ~l~ 05~,-~e._d.
Wn atrs the fvrroon of the fontanelles in tne fet al skull? Af (0r,1 ¼tQ { '2;>~ 11 tc.) be c;.ocyre. 5 xd "
3'S~ 61.A.n ':5 b\ ,~ ·ya5,Xl~ J ffi\M) _¾>~ &+a._ o. nd 1~+ brc.,n g:oJlh.
- D Cra n~yno~ CY.is is a conditio n lrl whic h one or more of th e fontanelle s is replaced by bone prematurely. Discuss the ram._
fica ti o~ of t his ea rty clos ure.
\-- mew s be C9,uq;g ~L-~:se d S u._+v-.-e' leQcis. -\a re s h-,c--€ci
3f0.:-~+v-i I v) ~ Q ,ec._ ':;;, (?, LJ?c(\pen .:523:-b ,::y ~1· ,zs 1 ' r) 0--l~O..e~
17. D A:. we age , we oft~r o~ c,;;-.e ~horter Explain wny thtS m,;;ht occu;-D1 -::,c__ 'ceJ-v-.:s.e_~;,> ye ~ bre..e.
\ ose., S:\ 0..1 ct.
o_,e,he"::> -· ,0 O-Ac- Sh:.c.- ~\p..--H--~ n
we \ co~
mu:::c..'e ef\06S \ ~1:s_~~-~----__,~~~~'-"-=-~- - _________
- D Tn e x1pho1a pro ce-~ ,~ often m1~ '.:.l...,~ :,r.r'l tt.c st e;num in bon e collections. H~-pothl!Size why it might be missing. ___
_~\o ~ '-'_ Cf:>"::>' -\ ,es
~ ~....-Y\u yY_ q_":::,
0_ \u ::;C.A~
~e_ ~tu~
