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The historical development of ranching on western public lands, focusing on the informal property norms, federal government's role, and the implementation of the taylor grazing act of 1934. It also discusses the economics of western ranching, the impact of grazing on rangelands, and recent revisions to grazing regulations.
Typology: Study notes
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: BLM must prepare EIS for a all grazing districts Organic Act for the Bureau of Land Management Multiple-use mandate: environmental values, “food and habitat forfish and wildlife and domestic animals”, human occupancy and use Grazing Provisions: 1)^ Range rehabilitation fund; 50% of grazing fees 2)^ Grazing permits are 10 years, and automatically renewable as long asterms/conditions are met; grazing permits define number, type ofanimals, and timing 3)^ Grazing allotments must have Allotment Management Plan 4)^ Restricted, but continued, grazing advisory boards Land inventory and planning requirements, similar to NFMA Identification of areas of critical environmental concern, specificallythe California Desert Conservation Area and wilderness inventory Public participation requirements
Overview ^ Structure: 162 Resource Areas, grazing allotments ^ State offices, with field offices for managing one or more ResourceArea ^ Each Resource Area requires management framework plan (pre-FLMPA), or resource management plan (post-FLPMA) ^ Planning process is integrated with NEPA ^ Second level of planning is more specific^ 1.^ Allotment management plans associated with range projects^ 2.^ Habitat management plants associated habitat restoration projects^ 3.^ Special resource areas, like wildlife areas or areas of criticalenvironmental concern, have separate plans ^ Just like in Forest Service, plans are legal guidelines for land-useactivities ^ “Consistency” clause allows state governors to evaluate consistenceof RMPs with state/local policy
^ History of “trespassing”, grazing more than permits allow, or prohibitedplaces, and times ^ History of lax enforcement by BLM ^ Grazing fees consistently lower than prices on state and private lands (2002:Fed. Grazing fee set at $1.43; avg. in 11 Western states is $13.10, rangingfrom $7.00-$20.00) ^ In 1996, subsidy was $787 per permittee
(private feeused AUM-public feeAUM/total number of permits) ^ Creates “black market” for fees, where grazing permit holders lease their landfor higher prices ^ Capitalization of AUM and grazing permits into sale price of ranch(connection to bankers) ^ Each year, the government spends 10-20% more administering grazingprogram than the ranchers make in profits: The government could payranchers to stop grazing (2004—agencies spent $140 million, received $21min grazing receipts) ^ History of Congressional moratoriums on grazing fee increases (with Senateoften blocking House attempts at raising them) ^ Why? Political power of ranching industry
2004 Riparian Conditions
