About Writing Technical Papers:
Organization, English, and Some Tips
DRDR. DANIYAL MUNIR
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Guidelines and tips
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Tips for Writing Technical Papers, Study notes of Technical English
Tips for writing technical papers. It covers the main sections of a scientific paper, including introduction, methods, results, and discussion. It also emphasizes the importance of concise writing, attention to detail, and consistent reference format. guidance on how to present results, make convincing conclusions, and choose precise words. It also recommends using LaTeX for formatting and keeping a good bibliography. useful for students and researchers who want to improve their technical writing skills.
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About Writing Technical Papers:
Organization, English, and Some Tips
D RD R.
D A N I Y A L M U N I R
S l i d e s s e t 2
Main Sections in A Scientific Paper
p
2
y
Introduction
(Why?)
y
Methods
(How?)
y
Results
(What?)
y
Discussion
(So what?)
Methods
4
y
What is your approach?
D
d
ib
h
l^
l^
d i
d
il?
{
D
o you describe each step clearly and in detail?
y
A
re the methods {
appropriate for the questions you are approaching? {
related to the objectives you identified?
y
What is the innovation in your approach? y
What is the innovation in your approach?
Results
h
h
f^
d
5
y
What is the one major finding? y
Are enough of the data presented?
g
p
{
To help readers judge how the experiment turned out? D
k
f fi
d t bl
t^
l^
l?
y
D
o you make use of figures and tables to clearly?
y
Do you see patterns or trends in the data?
y
p
{
that should be emphasized? {
Are there problems that are not addressed? {
Are there problems that are not addressed?
y
What is the significance of the results?
W
riting Style
g
y
7
y
Write below the readers' reading level. {
The avg. person in the US reads at a 5th grade level (11 years of age). {
The avg. professional reads at 12th grade level (18 years of age).
y
Keep paragraphs short and sweet. {
Keep sentences shorter and sweeter. {
This means "concise," not cryptic.
y
White space is not wasted space – it improves clarity. {
A blank line only adds a byte to the article length, so
y^
y^
g
,
Ù^
Don't be stingy if it will help make your meaning clearer.
W
riting Style - 2
g
y
8
y
Pick your words carefully.
W iti
ith
i i
i^
i^
t^
t
{
W
riting with precision is as important.
{
Consider carefully whether^ {
What you have written can be misinterpreted, and {
What you have written can be misinterpreted, and {
Whether that is something you wish to have happen.
y
People can only grasp about seven things at once y
People can only grasp about seven things at once.^ {
This means ideas in a paragraph, major sections, etc.
Pay Attention to Every Detail
y
y
10
y
Format. y
Grammar. y
Avoid klear errores;
Format
G
l Y
d
11
y
G
eneral You need a space {
after comma ",",
b f
d
ft
"^
"^
d
{
a space before and after "=", and {
two spaces after period ".".
A
id
b i
i^
l^
i
k
y
A
void obvious grammatical mistakes.
{
For example, “analyses” is noun, not verb.
{
For example,
analyses
is noun, not verb.
{
Its verb is “analyzes.”
y
Period or comma at the end of Eq?
Careful Use of Words: “Have”
13
y
Avoid the word "have/has" unless used for a tense.^ {
This book has three chapters ->
Ù
this book contains three chapters
{
These models have the same property
{
These models have the same property ->
Ù
These models enjoy the same property.
Careful Use of Words: “To”
Avoid using words "to" excessively:
14
Avoid using words
to
excessively:
y
Opinion
is
originally
a
dimentional
metric
to
y
Opinion
is
originally
a
-dimentional metric to
represent belief or trust and is extended to contain
4th redundant parameter in order to use in4th redundant parameter in order to use in combination with logical operators y
Opinion is originally a 3-dimentional metric in representing belief or trust and is extended torepresenting belief or trust and is extended tocontain a 4th redundant parameter for simple usage
in combination with logical operators
g
p
W
ords and Sentences
16
y
Don't repeat words.^ {
Change them to their synonyms {
Change them to their synonyms. {
MS Word gives you a good tool for that.
y
Make shorter sentences when possible.^ {
The longer the sentences you make, Ù
the more ambiguous they may sound.the more ambiguous they may sound.
W
ords and Sentences
17
“^
d”
h
ld
f h
y
“
And” should connect sentences of the same tense.Bad:“Our solution is based on network models in [1]and we proposed a new approach for authentication.”Right:“Our solution is based on network models in [1].We proposed a new approach for authentication.”Better:“Based on network models in [1], we proposed a new approach forauthentication.”
A
cknowledgement
g
19
y
Acknowledge grant in the final camera-ready paper.For example:For example:^ {
"The work described in this paper is supported by a grant from the Research Grants Council of the Hong KongSpecial Administrative Region ChinaSpecial Administrative Region, China(Project No. ABCD1234/56E)."
A
bout Reference
20
y
Put reference in^ {
either appearance order or {
either appearance order or {
alphabetical order (according to the first author's last name).
y
Include your own related papers. y
No reference citation in abstract and conclusion.