Tips for Writing Technical Papers, Study notes of Technical English

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About Writing Technical Papers:

Organization English and Some TipsOrganization, English, and Some Tips

D RD R.

DANIYAL MUNIR

The 3 C’s

C

t Cl

d C

i

y^

C

orrect, Clear, and Concise y^

The readers:^ {^

The readers do not just read; they interpret.

A

ctive vs. Passive Voices

4

y^

Bees disperse pollen y^

Bees disperse pollen

.

y^

Pollen is dispersed by bees. y^

Three phases of analysis are included in their approach. y^

Their approach includes three phases of analysisTheir approach includes three phases of analysis y^

I was robbed (by somebody).

(^

y^

y)

y^

Somebody robbed me. y^

The building was completely destroyed in the secondworld war.

The Action Verb vs. the Abstract Noun + the

Weak VerbWeak Verb

5

y^

To investigate y^

To investigate y^

To carry out an

investigation of

y^

An

investigation of … has been carried out

y^

To decide y^

To make a

decision of

y^

To make a

decision of

y^

To explain

p

y^

To provide an

explanation of

T

d^

t^

d

y^

T

o understand y^

To facilitate the

understanding of

The Action Verb

7

y^

It is clear that Sofia

is in need of practice

before the

concert The last time she played

before the

concert

. The last time she played

her guitar

was three

weeks ago.

y^

Clearly, Sofia

needs to practice before the

concert. She has not touched her guitar inthree weeksthree weeks

The Action Verb

8

y^

To think that an answer that would besatisfactory had taken so long to arrive

was

something that put him into a

state of deep

something that put him into a

state of deep

resentment.resentment. y^

He deeply resented the long wait for a

p y

g

satisfactory answer.

Parallelism:

Either/or, neither/nor, not only/but also,

first/second/thirdfirst/second/third

10

y^

Either I am always in doubt or I am always in y^

Either I am always in doubt or I am always in trouble. y^

I am always

either in doubt or in trouble.

y^

I am always in

either doubt or trouble.

y^

They hoped to go

not only to London but also

to

y^

They hoped to go

not only to London but also

to

Paris. y^

They hoped to go to

not only London but also

Paris.

y^

For love, for honor, for fame, or for money.F

l^

h

f

y^

F

or love, honor, fame, or money.

President John F. Kennedy’s Inaugural

Address

an example for parallelism

Address –

an example for parallelism

11

y^

We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom,

y^

y^

p^

y^

,

symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well aschanges …. y^

So let us begin anew, remembering on both sides that civility is not asign of weakness, and sincerity is always subject to proof. Let us nevernegotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate. y^

Now the trumpet summons us again – not as a call to bear arms,though arms we need; not as a call to battle, though embattled we are;but a call to bear the burden of a twilight struggle year in and year outbut a call to bear the burden of a twilight struggle, year in and year out,“rejoicing in hope, patient in tribulation,” a struggle against thecommon enemies of man: tyranny, poverty, disease, and war itself. y^

And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you;ask what you can do for your country.

Make Every Word Count

y

13

Th

i^

i^

d

i^

thi

ti l

f

y^

Th

ere is a comparison made in this article of the major differences between commerciallysuccessful keyboardssuccessful keyboards. y^

This article

compares the major differences

b t

i ll

f^

l k

b

d

between

commercially successful keyboards.

y^

It is interesting to note that …. y^

There is increasing evidence that ….

g

y^

It has long been known that ….

Emphasize the correct word

p

14

red color, or red in color

Red

round in shape

Round

falling down

Falling

join together

Join

l f

actual fact

Fact

very unique, or quite unique

Unique

in a position to

Can

in a position to

Can

despite the fact that

Although

a length of 5 mm

5 mm long

g^

g

It is interesting to note that

Interestingly

It is our opinion that

We believe that

It is obvious that

Obviously

Give the clear picture

p

16

As a mother of five, my kitchen isalways busy.

As a mother of five, I am alwaysbusy in my kitchen.

Young and inexperienced, the taskseemed easy to me.

Young and inexperienced, I thought thetask was easy.

Following experimentation, bacteriamultiplied.

Following experimentation, we foundthe bacteria multiplied.

Being in poor condition we were unable

We were unable to save the animals

Being in poor condition, we were unableto save the animals.

We were unable to save the animalsbecause they were in poorcondition.

In drawing the picture, his wife wasused as the model.

In drawing the picture, he usedhis wife as the model.

A

void ambiguity

g

y

17

y^

He noticed a large stain in the glass that was y^

He noticed a large stain in the glass that was right in the center. y^

He noticed a large stain right in the center of y^

He noticed a large stain right in the center ofthe glass. y^

You can call your mother in London and tellher all about George’s taking you out toher all about George s taking you out todinner for just sixty cents. y^

For just sixty cents, you can call your motherFor just sixty cents, you can call your mother in London and tell her all about George’staking you out to dinner.

A

mbiguity

g

y

19

All th

b

t^

t

y^

All th

e members were not present.

y^

Not all the members were present. y^

He only found two mistakes.

y

y^

He found only two mistakes.

Moral of the storyk^

l t d

d

t^

th

keep related words together

The Generic vs. the Specific

p

20

y^

The temperature changed. y^

The temperature increased from 15C to 23C.W

d

i^

d

h

di i

f

y^

W

e determined the conditions necessary for performance improvement.p

p