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(1923) Declared unconstitutional a minimum wage law for women on the grounds that it
denied women freedom of contract.
Marbury v. Madison (1803, Marshall) The court established judicial review, allowing it to decide if federal laws are constitutional or not.
Fletcher v. Peck (1810, Marshall) The court upheld the sanctity of contracts based upon the Yazoo land cases of 1803.
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819, Marshall) The court ruled that states cannot tax the federal government and confirmed the constitutionality of the Bank of the United States.
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1 Marbury v. Madison 2 Adkins v. Children's Hospital
3 Civil Rights Cases of 1883 4 Gibbons v. Ogden
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Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819, Marshall) The court ruled that the charter for Dartmouth College was protected by the Constitution when New Hampshire attempted to take over the college by revising its charter.
Gibbons v. Ogden (1824, Marshall) The court clarified the commerce clause and affirmed Congressional power over interstate commerce.
Johnson v. McIntosh (1823, Marshall) The court established that the Indian tribes had rights to tribal land that preceded all other American law, and that only the federal government could take land from the tribes.
Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831, Marshall) The court established a "trust relationship" with the Indian tribes directly under federal authority.
Worcester v. Georgia (1832, Marshall) The court established tribal autonomy within Indian boundaries.
Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge (1837, Taney) The court established that the interests of the community are more important than the interests of business, giving society's interest more power than private interest.
Commonwealth v. Hunt (1842) The court declared that labor unions were lawful organizations and that the strike was a lawful weapon.
Scott v. Sanford (1857, Taney) The court, widely divided, was spoken for by Taney and ruled that Dred Scott was not a citizen and had no standing in court; Congress had no power to prohibit slavery in a territory, voiding the Missouri Compromise of 1820.
Ex parte Milligan (1866) Ruled that a civilian cannot be tried in military courts while civil courts are available.
Civil Rights Cases of 1883 Legalized segregation with regard to private property, as based on a group of cases with similar legal problems.
Wabash, St. Louis, and Pacific Railway Co. v. Illinois (1886) The court declared that state-passed Granger laws that regulated interstate commerce were unconstitutional.
Chicago, Milwaukee, and St. Paul Railroad Co. v. Minnesota
(1890) The court found that Granger law regulations were violations of the 5th Amendment right to property.
Pollock v. The Farmers' Loan and Trust Co. (1895) The court declared that the income tax under the Wilson-Gorman Tariff was unconstitutional.
U.S. v. E.C. Knight Co. (1895) The court undermined the authority of the federal government to act against monopolies due to a narrow interpretation of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) The court legalized segregation in publicly owned facilities on the basis of "separate but equal."
Roe v. Wade (1973) The court legalized abortion by ruling that state laws could not restrict it during the first three months of pregnancy; based on 4th Amendment rights of a person to be secure in their persons.
U.S. v. Richard Nixon (1974) The court rejected Richard Nixon's claim to an absolutely unqualified privilege against any judicial process.
Bakke v. Regents of the University of California (1978) The court, badly divided, ambiguously ruled regarding affirmative action, upholding it but with a 4/4/1 split (weak decision).
