Understanding Transactional Analysis: A Framework for Communication & Behavior Change, Slides of Communication

Download Understanding Transactional Analysis: A Framework for Communication & Behavior Change and more Slides Communication in PDF only on Docsity!

ansactionalansactional

alysisalysisalysisalysis

Session ObjectivesSession Objectives

Recognize

the

importance

communication skills Understand

the

dynamics

AnalysisAnalysis Identify

situations

where

employed Recognize how TA can

be

development

Session ObjectivesSession Objectives

importance

of

interpersonal

dynamics

of

the

transactional

where

TA

can

be

usefully

be

used to aid personal

What is Transactional Analysis?

TA is a theory about how and why people behave the way they doTA is a theory about how and why people behave the way they do

A method of understanding behavior in interpersonal dynamics.A method of understanding behavior in interpersonal dynamics.

Transactional Analysis or TA is a way of understandingTransactional Analysis or TA is a way of understanding

… and changing human behavior

4

TransactionalTransactional

AnalysisAnalysis

(TA)(TA)

combinescombines

personalitypersonality

andand

communicationcommunication

providesprovides a

a framework

framework for

for

understandingunderstanding

changechange.

.

… and changing human behavior … why communication fails and how it can be … one to one relationships

What is Transactional Analysis?

TA is a theory about how and why people behave the way they doTA is a theory about how and why people behave the way they do A method of understanding behavior in interpersonal dynamics.A method of understanding behavior in interpersonal dynamics. Transactional Analysis or TA is a way of understandingTransactional Analysis or TA is a way of understanding

… and changing human behavior

combinescombines

theoriestheories

ofof

humanhuman

developmedevelopme

inin

aa

powerfulpowerful

psychologicalpsychological

systemsystem

thth

understandingunderstanding

humanhuman process

process and

and making

making

persoperso

… and changing human behavior … why communication fails and how it can be

corrected

… one to one relationships

Why Study Transactional Analysis?Why Study Transactional Analysis?

Becoming aware of your and someone else’s needs Adopting a more positive view of yourself and others Understanding how you behave and why Recognizing that you can alter the way you behave Respond to a person and situation more appropriately Building rapport with others Dealing more effectively with difficult people

5

Why Study Transactional Analysis?Why Study Transactional Analysis?

Becoming aware of your and someone else’s needs Adopting a more positive view of yourself and others Understanding how you behave and why Recognizing that you can alter the way you behave Respond to a person and situation more appropriately Dealing more effectively with difficult people

Ego States

An Ego state is a consistent pattern of feeling and experience related to a corresponding pattern of behavior E. Berne states that each person has 3 Ego States

The Parent

The Adult

7

The Adult

The Child

People generally exhibit all three Ego states.

All three ego states are necessary to healthy personality

We shift from one ego state to another in transactions

Parent- “Why don’t you prepare a time-

table?”

Child-

“What is the point when one cannot follow it?”

Ego States

An Ego state is a consistent pattern of feeling and experience related to a E. Berne states that each person has 3 Ego States

People generally exhibit all three Ego states. All three ego states are necessary to healthy personality We shift from one ego state to another in transactions

table?”

“What is the point when one cannot follow it?”

• Becomes an Adult.

Subdivisions within Ego States

The Parent :

Nurturing Parent

Critical Parent

The Adult

Primitive Adult

Rational Adult

The Child

Natural or Free Child

Adapted Child

Rebellious Child

8

Subdivisions within Ego States

Parent^ Adult

Child

The Adult State

The Adult State are behaviors oriented to current reality and objective information gatheri A person in Adult Sate is likely to

Speak in an even voice

Use straight forward facial expression

Figure out things logically

Figure out things logically

Have an erect posture and use open gestures

Be alert and thoughtful about a problem they are facing

Clarify the situation by careful questioning

Use phrases like; “In my opinion,” “Based on my observation”

Hypothesize and process information

Use words like

correct, how, what, why, practical, quality

10

The Adult State

The Adult State are behaviors oriented to current reality and objective information gatheri

Use straight forward facial expression Have an erect posture and use open gestures Be alert and thoughtful about a problem they are facing Clarify the situation by careful questioning Use phrases like; “In my opinion,” “Based on my observation” Hypothesize and process information

correct, how, what, why, practical, quality

The Child State

Child… what we were when we were young

A person in free child state may

Be smiling, laughing, having fun,

Use words as wow, great, ouch, want

Talk loudly, energetically, free of constraint

11

Use spontaneous gestures and expressions

Be curious, fun-

loving, changeable

A person in adapted child may

Cry, get into trouble

Use childlike facial expressions

Use words such as can’t, hope, please, perhaps, wish

Look for approval and reassurance

Come across as innocent, helpless, sad, scared

Act in a defiant, ashamed or compliant way

The Child State

Child… what we were when we were young

A person in free child state may

Be smiling, laughing, having fun,

Open to life

Use words as wow, great, ouch, want Talk loudly, energetically, free of constraint Use spontaneous gestures and expressions

loving, changeable

Use childlike facial expressions Use words such as can’t, hope, please, perhaps, wish Look for approval and reassurance Come across as innocent, helpless, sad, scared Act in a defiant, ashamed or compliant way

Complementary TransactionComplementary Transaction

Transactions are

complementary

if the message sent receives the expected response from the

other person’s ego state^ Supervisor

Employee

P A

13

Supervisor

Employee

A C P A C

Complementary TransactionComplementary Transaction

if the message sent receives the expected response from the

Supervisor

Employee

P A

13

Supervisor

Employee

C^ P^ A^ C

Crossed TransactionsCrossed Transactions

Supervisor

Employee

P A

A

crossed transaction

occurs when the

message

reacted to by an incompatible unexpected

ego

Supervisor

Employee

A C^ P^ A^ C

Crossed TransactionsCrossed Transactions

Supervisor

Employee

P A

message

sent by one person’s ego state is

ego

state on the part of the other person

Supervisor

Employee

A C^ P^ A^ C

Strokes

Stroking is an act of recognition from another person

Everyone has to have strokes (

Strokes may be

Positive, negative and mixed

Conditional and unconditional

16

Strokes

Stroking is an act of recognition from another person Everyone has to have strokes (

affection, recognition and praise)

Positive, negative and mixed

Conditional and unconditional

Types of Strokes

Positive strokes

Verbal

Hello, how are you doing?

Non

verbal

Smile

Non

verbal

Smile

Written

This is a strong assignment showing your real insight and

thought.

Types of Strokes

Positive strokes

Negative strokes

Hello, how are you doing?

I’m in no mood to talk to you

today.

Smile

Frown

Smile

Frown

This is a strong assignment showing your real insight and

thought.

There are a number of errors inthis assignment, suggesting you have not done your work properly

17

Life Positions

Life Positions are attitudes which people adopt and act out concerning their self-

worth and the value of

I’m OK, you’re OK

19

I’m OK, you’re OK I’m not OK, you’re OK I’m OK, you’re not OK I’m not OK, you’re not OK

Life Positions

Life Positions are attitudes which people adopt and act out

worth and the value of

others

I’m OK, you’re OKI’m OK, you’re OK I’m not OK, you’re OK I’m OK, you’re not OK I’m not OK, you’re not OK

Life Positions……

I’m

OK, you’re OK

Cooperate

,^

share

You

believe in yourself and others, are trusting and tend to get on with life

I’m not OK, you’re OK Submit to, concede You have a poor opinion of your own value and poor self esteem; lack self confidence and expecYou have a poor opinion of your own value and poor self esteem; lack self confidence and expec things to go wrong. You often lose out in situations I’m OK, you’re not OK Compete, aggression You tend to be competitive. May

not cope well with failure, look down at others, blame other

people and see them as cause of your

failure

I’m not OK, you’re not OK Avoid Life may seem to be futile and that nothing can be done to improve things. A life of rejecting and feeling rejected

Life Positions……

believe in yourself and others, are trusting and tend to get on with life

You have a poor opinion of your own value and poor self esteem; lack self confidence and expecYou have a poor opinion of your own value and poor self esteem; lack self confidence and expec things to go wrong. You often lose out in situations

not cope well with failure, look down at others, blame other

failure

Life may seem to be futile and that nothing can be done to improve things. A life of rejecting and feeling