transformational generative grammar, Slides of Linguistics

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welcome

transformational

generative

grammar

By group 2

• Firdaus Asas
• Hanri Anggariawan
• Ayu Aprilianti
• Yuni Ningtyas

AVRAM NOAM CHOMSKY

overview Definition of TGG Difference bet. TG and TGG Deep Structure and Surface Structure Transformation Types of Transformation Ways of Analyzing the Transformation Result of TGG

difference between tgand tgg

• Traditional grammar is based on the descriptive grammar used to teach Latin for centuries while generative grammar was conceived as a way of describing language structures.
• Based on the definitions I could actually understand, it looks like TG focuses on building language from small parts (subject, verb, etc.) while TGG focuses on “linguistic transformations and phrase structures.” (tri.du) TG : Prescriptive It prescribes how people ‘should’ produce language. TGG : Descriptive It describes the ‘ORDER’ in which to put words and phrases. prescribes how people ‘should’ produce language.

Deep structure and surface structure

• The deep structure represented the core semantic relations of a sentence, and was mapped on to the surface structure (which followed the phonological form of the sentence very closely) via transformations.
• The surface structure is the structure of a well-formed phrase or sentence in a language, as opposed to its underlying abstract representation.

John read the book The book was read by John. George saw Mary

• ”Who did George see?”
• ”Who saw Mary?” WH-Movement transformation (cont.)

types of transformation Subject-verb inversion Subject-operator inversion

Subject-operator inversion

• Never again did I think of

disobedience.

• On no account must he

strain.

• So badly was he affected by

the virus

• Not a word did he say
• Never have I seen it.
• I never thought of

disobedience again

• He must strain on no account
• He was affected by the virus

so badly

• He did not say a word
• I have never seen it

Ways of analyzing the transformation Syntactic Semantic

Syntactic and semantic (cont.)

• If you are asked by your wife to select her a gown, red or blue, you do not like the red one because it is too eyecatching,… “Kayaknya warna merah terlalu nge- jreng.” Semantic “Biru, kamu terlihat lebih anggun, Sayang.”

Result of tgg  Paraphrase When several surface structures relate to one deep structure.

1. John bought the book from Mary.
2. Mary sold the book to John.
3. The book was sold to John by Mary.  Ambiguity One surface structure relate to several deep structures. Flying planes can be dangerous. 1. To fly planes. 2. Planes which are flying.