Trigonometric Equations and Sum and Difference Formulas, Study notes of Pre-Calculus

Examples and methods to solve trigonometric equations using sum and difference formulas involving inverse trigonometric functions. It also explains how to solve linear equations in sine and cosine by squaring both sides of the equation. step-by-step solutions to two examples.

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2022/2023

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Math Analysis Precalculus, Sullivan 10th Edition
Ch7Sec5Day3 1 3/3/2020
Section 7.5 Trigonometric Equations Day 3
Use Sum and Difference Formulas Involving Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Example 10: Find the exact value of :
11
13
cos sin cos
25
−−

+


You want the cosine of the sum of two angles,
11
sin 2

=

and
13
cos 5

=

.
Then
1
sin ,
2 2 2


=
and
3
cos , 0
5
=
.
Since
sin
is positive,
is in Quad I. Since
is positive,
is in Quad I.
Use Pythagorean Identities to determine
cos
and
sin .
2
cos 1 sin=−
and
2
sin 1 cos=−
positive since each angle is in Quad I
2
1
12

=−


2
3
15

=−


1
14
=−
9
125
=−
3
4
=
16
25
=
3
2
=
4
5
=
So,
11
13
cos sin cos cos( )
25

−−

+ = +


cos cos sin sin =−
3 3 1 4
2 5 2 5
=−
3 3 4
10 10
=−
3 3 4
10
=
pf3

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Section 7.5 – Trigonometric Equations – Day 3

Use Sum and Difference Formulas Involving Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Example 10 : Find the exact value of :

cos sin cos 2 5

 ^ ^ ^ 

You want the cosine of the sum of two angles,

sin 2

− ^ 

and

cos 5

− ^ 

Then

sin , 2 2 2

=   and

cos , 0 5

Since sinis positive, is in Quad I. Since cosis positive, is in Quad I.

Use Pythagorean Identities to determine cosandsin .

2 cos  = 1 −sin ^ and

2 (^) sin  = 1 −cos  positive since each angle is in Quad I

2 1 1 2

2 3 1 5

So,

cos sin cos cos( ) 2 5

   +^  =^ +

 ^ ^ ^ 

= cos  cos  −sin  sin

Section 7.5 – Trigonometric Equations – Day 3 (continued)

Solve Trigonometric Equations Linear in Sine and Cosine

Sometimes it is necessary to square both sides of an equation to obtain expressions that allow the use of identities.

Remember that squaring both sides of an equation may introduce extraneous solutions. So, you need to check

apparent solutions.

Example 1 1 A: Solve the equation:sin +cos= 1 , 0  2 .

Method 1 :

sin +cos= 1

cos 2

sin 2

+ =^ Multiply by 2

cos 2

sin 2

If you let 4

= , where , 2

:(x,y) 4 

then

sin sin

= and 4

cos cos

r

y

r

x

So, 2

cos 2

sin 2

becomes. 2

cos sin + sincos=

sin cos + cossin=

 sin (+)=

sin (^) = 

Sine is positive in quadrants I and II, so the general solutions are

2 k , 4 4

+ k any integer and 2 k, 4

+ k any integer

= 0 + 2 k, k any integer and 2 k , 4

= k any integer

2 k , 2

= k any integer

On the interval  0 , 2 ),the solutions are.

0 and