Tuberculosis: A Comprehensive Overview, Assignments of Nursing

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Epidemiology Paper - Tuberculosis Grand Canyon University Course: NRS28VN Instructor: DR. Walton 21 st^ March

Tuberculosis TB is a contagious infection that usually your lungs. It can also spread to other parts of your body like brain and supine. A type of bacteria called Mycobacterium causes it. Types of Tuberculosis Latent TB: You have the germs in your body but your immune system keeps them from spreading. You don’t have any systems and you are not contagious, but the infection is still in your body and one day it will become active. Active TB: The germs multiply and make you sick. You can spread the disease to others. Signs and Symptoms Latent TB: It does not have symptoms. A skin or blood test can tell if you have it. Active TB: A cough lasts more than 3 weeks, chest pain, coughing up blood, feeling tired all the time, night sweets, chills fever, loss of appetite and weight loss. Causes and Risk Factors Tuberculosis is caused by bacteria mycobacterium that spread through the air, just like a cold or flu. You can get infection only if you come into contact with people who have it. Person with low immune system such as HIV infection, diabetes mellitus, sever renal disease, malnutrition, cancer have high risk to get Tuberculosis infection. People with drug abuse and homeless people also on high risk. Mode of Transmission It is an airborne disease spreads by travel of microbes through air from one individual to another. When someone who has Tuberculosis coughs, sneezes, talks, laugh they release tiny droplets that contains the germs. If your breaths in these germs, you can get it. T est and Diagnosis

countries like India children’s get BCG injection at birth to prevent Tuberculosis isn’t widely used in USA and not 100 % protection from against infection. Demographics of Tuberculosis A global total of 206030 people with multidrug or rifampin- resistance TB were detected and notified in 2019, a 10 % increase from 186883 in 2018.Globally, TB incidence is falling at about 2 % per year. The TB rate decline slightly from 2016 to 2017 with approximately 2-8 cases per 100,000 persons. A slightly decrease in TB cases was reported in 2017 decreased from 9,256 in 2016 to 9,105 in 2017. Mortality Rate On the basis of death certificate date, the TB mortality rate in the united states was 0.2/100, population, or 555 deaths in2013 and has not changed since 2003. Reporting of Tuberculosis TB is a reportable infectious disease confirmed or suspected cases of TB disease must be reported to the TB control section with in 1 working day of identification. Both pulmonary and extrapulmonary forms of TB disease are reportable. References American Nurses Association. (n.d.). Scope of practice. https://www.nursingworld.org/practice- policy/scope-of-practice/ American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165- Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. (2014). Improving cultural competence (HHS Publication No. 14-4849). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance

Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK248428/ Copeland, T., Henderson, B., Mayer, B., & Nicholson, S. (2013). Three different paths for tabletop gaming in school libraries. Library Trends, 61 (4), 825–835. https://doi.org/10.1353/lib.2013. Holland, R. A., & Forrest, B. K. (2017). Good arguments: Making your case in writing and public speaking. Baker Academic.