Turbidity Current - Stratigraphy - Lecture Slides, Slides of Geology

In these Lecture Slides, the Lecturer has discussed the following key points in his class of Stratigraphy : Turbidity, Deposits, Deep Sea, Turbidites, Current Anatomy, Flow Unsteadiness, Bouma Sequence, Grain Support, Mechanism, Pure Grain

Typology: Slides

2012/2013

Uploaded on 07/22/2013

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How does a turbidity current form?
From Saller et al., (2004)
Delta front
Shelf
Canyons
Sinuous turbidity
current channel
3 Principal
Mechanisms
Slope failures:
@ Delta front,
@ Canyon wall,
@ Shelf.
Storm events:
Rip currents.
Continuous
Underflows:
Rivers,
Breaching,
Shelf reworking-
storms
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How does a turbidity current form?

From Saller et al., (2004)

Delta front

Shelf

Canyons

Sinuous turbidity current channel

3 Principal Mechanisms

  • Slope failures: @ Delta front, @ Canyon wall, @ Shelf.
  • Storm events: Rip currents.
    • Continuous Underflows: Rivers, Breaching, Shelf reworking- storms

The idealised turbidity current: inception to deposition.

Inception

  1. Slope failure occurs: cohesive dense (non-turbulent) flow, e.g. slump, slide or debris flow.

From Strachan (2002)

  1. Flow accelerates, mixes with ambient fluid, becomes more dilute and turbulence initiates.

0 1 10 20 50 x (km)

5º slope

1º-5º <1º (^) <1º ±0º ±0º

200 From Leeder (1999) (^) Var fan channel after 1979 Nice airport slope collapse

The idealised turbidity current: inception to deposition.

  1. Coarser grained material is deposited first, as velocity decreases, typically as a massive bed.

top

base

Deposition

The idealised turbidity current: inception to deposition.

  1. As velocity & energy decrease with time, finer grained material is deposited. Bedforms also reflect this decrease in energy with a change from upper stage plane beds, to ripples, to lower stage plane beds and laminations.

Massive bed

Upper stage plane beds

Ripples

Finely laminated

The idealised turbidity current: inception to deposition.

Ta

Tc

Tb

Td-e (deformed)

The complete Bouma sequence

Deposition is too rapid for dunes to equilibrate with the flow

The bedform stability field of dunes is too narrow to allow their formation

Grains available for deposition are too fine (i.e. < 0.1 mm) to allow dunes to develop

Where did all the dunes go?

grain-size parameter

mobility parameter

0.1 1 10

1

10

ripples

dunes

upper plane bed

lower plane bed

no movement

How realistic is this ideal?

Top -missing Bouma-sequence (no Tcde)

Ta

Tb