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TYPES OF GEARS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, Study notes of Mechanical Engineering

University of KeralaMechanical Engineering

This PDF provides a clear and structured overview of the different types of gears used in mechanical engineering. It covers commonly used gears such as spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, worm gears, rack and pinion systems, and other specialized gear types.

Typology: Study notes

2023/2024

Available from 01/25/2026

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AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING
Types of Gears
1. Spur Gear
2. Helical Gear
3. Herringbone Gear
4. Bevel Gear
5. Worm Gear
6. Rack and Pinion
7. Internal and External Gear
8. Face Gear
9. Sprockets
1) Spur Gear - Parallel and coplanar shafts connected by
gears are called spur gears. The arrangement is called
spur gearing. Spur gears have straight teeth and are
parallel to the axis of the wheel. Spur gears are the
most common type of gears. The advantages of spur
gears are their simplicity in design, economy of
manufacture and maintenance, and absence of end
thrust. They impose only radial loads on the
bearings.Spur gears are known as slow speed gears. If
noise is not a serious design problem, spur gears can
be used at almost any speed.
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AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING

Types of Gears

  1. Spur Gear
  2. Helical Gear
  3. Herringbone Gear
  4. Bevel Gear
  5. Worm Gear
  6. Rack and Pinion
  7. Internal and External Gear
  8. Face Gear
  9. Sprockets
    1. Spur Gear - Parallel and coplanar shafts connected by gears are called spur gears. The arrangement is called spur gearing. Spur gears have straight teeth and are parallel to the axis of the wheel. Spur gears are the most common type of gears. The advantages of spur gears are their simplicity in design, economy of manufacture and maintenance, and absence of end thrust. They impose only radial loads on the bearings.Spur gears are known as slow speed gears. If noise is not a serious design problem, spur gears can be used at almost any speed.
  1. Helical Gear - Helical gears have their teeth inclined to the axis of the shafts in the form of a helix, hence the name helical gears. These gears are usually thought of as high speed gears. Helical gears can take higher loads than similarly sized spur gears. The motion of helical gears is smoother and quieter than the motion of spur gears. Single helical gears impose both radial loads and thrust loads on their bearings and so require the use of thrust bearings. The angle of the helix on both the gear and the must be same in magnitude but opposite in direction, i.e., a right hand pinion meshes with a left hand gear.
  2. Herringbone Gear - Herringbone gears resemble two helical gears that have been placed side by side. They are often referred to as "double helical". In the double helical gears arrangement, the thrusts are counter-balanced. In such double helical gears there is no thrust loading on the bearings.
  1. Worm Gear - Worm gears are used to transmit power at 90° and where high reductions are required. The axes of worm gears shafts cross in space. The shafts of worm gears lie in parallel planes and may be skewed at any angle between zero and a right angle. In worm gears, one gear has screw threads. Due to this, worm gears are quiet, vibration free and give a smooth output. Worm gears and worm gear shafts are almost invariably at right angles.
  2. Rack and Pinion - A rack is a toothed bar or rod that can be thought of as a sector gear with an infinitely large radius of curvature. Torque can be converted to linear force by meshing a rack with a pinion: the pinion turns; the rack moves in a straight line. Such a mechanism is used in automobiles to convert the rotation of the steering wheel into the left-to-right motion of the tie rod(s). Racks also feature in the theory of gear geometry, where, for instance, the tooth shape of an interchangeable set of gears may be specified for the rack (infinite radius), and the tooth shapes for gears of particular actual radii then derived from that. The rack and pinion gear type is employed in a rack railway.

7) Internal & External Gear- An external gear is one with

the teeth formed on the outer surface of a cylinder or cone.

Conversely, an internal gear is one with the teeth formed on

the inner surface of a cylinder or cone. For bevel gears, an internal gear is one with the pitch angle exceeding 90 degrees. Internal gears do not cause direction reversal.

  1. Face Gears - Face gears transmit power at (usually) right angles in a circular motion. Face gears are not very common in industrial application