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Understanding Developmentally
Appropriate Practices (Florida)
What affect does quality early care on children? - CORRECT ANSWER โโโ "...children who have high-quality care see academic benefits lasting into high school." DAP - CORRECT ANSWER โโโ Developmentally Appropriate Practice focuses on children birth to eight years old and is made up of three principle components: age appropriateness, individual appropriateness, and social/cultural appropriateness. Age appropriateness - CORRECT ANSWER โโโ considering what is typical for a child within a given age group. Individual appropriateness - CORRECT ANSWER โโโ considering the needs of each child as a unique individual. Social/Cultural appropriateness - CORRECT ANSWER โโโ considering the social and cultural contexts in which children grow and live. Intentionality - CORRECT ANSWER โโโ Studies show, highly effective teachers have clearly defined goals for children and they thoughtfully prepare environments, experiences and activities to meet those goals. Three critical challenges impacting early childhood practices are: - CORRECT ANSWER โโโ -Addressing differences in school success and achievement -Integrating and aligning preschool and elementary school programming -Improving teacher preparation, professional development and ongoing support Structural indicators - CORRECT ANSWER โโโ are things that are "regulable," meaning they can be monitored and are important for providing consistent care. EX: Licensure Lower ratios Smaller group size Caregiver qualifications Professional development for staff Health and safety regulations Inclusive environment Process indicators - CORRECT ANSWER โโโ are what programs "do" to help promote development through specific activities and intentional practices. Process indicators are observable interactions.
EX: Curriculum and established routines Language and reasoning activities Sensitive, responsive interactions Collaboration and provisions for parents and families Parent, teacher, and child interactions Child-sized furnishings Well defined and equipped space that meets the needs of all children Studies suggest quality experiences early in life lead to better outcomes for children. These experiences lead to: - CORRECT ANSWER โโโ Lower delinquency rates Increased graduation rates Adults who earn higher salaries Increased home ownership Better cognitive and language skills Adults who spend less time participating in social programs or on welfare Quality Preschool - CORRECT ANSWER โโโ Developmentally appropriate curriculum Developmentally appropriate assessment procedures Continuous staff training Administrative support Low teacher/student ratio Systematic effort to involve parents Quality Early Care + Quality Education = - CORRECT ANSWER โโโ Quality Outcomes for Children High Quality Child Care - CORRECT ANSWER โโโ High-quality child care is a safe, nurturing environment where children learn and grow. Staff are properly trained and supported. Parents have access to the program at all times and the program is well organized to promote optimal skill development. Motivational theories - CORRECT ANSWER โโโ focus on the belief that humans are controlled by many factors. They place more emphasis on personal motivation and desires than on what is happening in the environment. Based on these theories, you might consider what motivates children to act the way they do.
Jean Piaget - CORRECT ANSWER โโโ humans go through certain stages of intellectual development. The first two stages are the most relevant to development in early childhood. According to Piaget, the greatest role of the caregiver is to help the child reach an understanding by providing the child with appropriate activities that stimulate thinking. Piaget believed children build knowledge and understanding through their physical development and through their interactions with the environment. Piaget's 4 Stages - CORRECT ANSWER โโโ Sensorimotor (birth to approximately 2 years) - Children learn through sensory perception and motor activity. Preoperational (2 years to 7 years) - Children are bound by what they experience directly and not by what they think. Children begin to use symbols (one thing that represents another). For example, using sand to make a cake. Children are egocentric; their thinking centers on themselves. They can't see things from another point of view or from another perspective. For example, they do not realize that when they stand in front of the TV, no one else can see it. Concrete-Operational (7 years to 11 years) - Children become more rational in their thinking. For example, realizing that Santa Claus probably doesn't exist. Formal Operations (11 years and beyond) - The final stage of cognitive development, in which thinking becomes very abstract. Children think beyond the present and think about ideal situations. Vygotsky - CORRECT ANSWER โโโ children create knowledge by interacting with their environment AND through social interactions, their culture and the use of language. Two developmental levels of ability: The ability to do something with help or assistance The ability to do something without help or assistance The distance between these two levels is called the "Zone of Proximal Development." Structure of a Neuron - CORRECT ANSWER โโโ Neuron - specialized nerve cells that make up the central nervous system. Axon - Each neuron has one axon. An axon is a fiber that sends messages "away" to other neurons.
Dendrites - Each neuron has many dendrites. Dendrites accept incoming messages from the axons. How many neurons are in a brain at birth? - CORRECT ANSWER โโโ When a child is born, there are already nearly 100 billion neurons in the child's brain. Physical Development - CORRECT ANSWER โโโ Physical development refers to the development of large and small muscles as they gradually develop. It involves typical growth patterns, changes in weight and height, and general health and safety. Art Progression - CORRECT ANSWER โโโ Children will typically progress from drawing free radicals into drawing basic shapes, such as circles, squares, rectangles, and triangles, then eventually drawing representations of people, places and ideas. By the age of three, children should begin to draw their first representations of the human form using basic shapes. free radical - CORRECT ANSWER โโโ is a jumble of straight or curved lines that is freely floating on the paper. Writing Progression - CORRECT ANSWER โโโ Writing begins to emerge as random scribbling and progresses to invented spelling in the kindergarten years. With enough opportunities to practice scribbling and writing, and with enough encouragement and enthusiasm from caregivers, children learn to write with increasing effectiveness and also understand the importance of written communication. Mildred Parten Four types of play - CORRECT ANSWER โโโ Solitary play - playing alone Parallel play - playing beside other children, but not interacting with them Associative play - children play together with materials and some talking (3-5 years old) Cooperative play - children play together by planning and working toward a common goal (5 years old through adolescence) Stages of Development - CORRECT ANSWER โโโ Stages of development for young children are commonly clustered into domains related to physical development, language and communication, social and emotional, cognitive development and general knowledge, and approaches to learning. Classroom Structure - CORRECT ANSWER โโโ Children are better able to adapt to the demands of formal schooling when they have been provided opportunities to
-Traffic patterns should be set up to avoid large open run-ways, yet should not be so divided up they are hard to move around in. Good room arrangements foster positive relationships and interactions by creating a homelike atmosphere that is inviting and culturally representative. Room Arrangement Tips - CORRECT ANSWER โโโ Easy movement between centers is encouraged when like centers are placed near each other. Messy play areas, such as art, sand and water, should be placed near each other and should be convenient to a water source to facilitate setup and cleanup. Quiet, clean areas, such as books, manipulatives and computers, should be physically placed away from the messy areas. Recycling and Resources - CORRECT ANSWER โโโ There is a list of resources for you to use when trying to find free or low-cost items for your classroom. These resources include: carpet companies that have free carpet square samples; canvas/awning makers, who often have heavy scrap material; dress shops that have material scraps for making bean bags; and repair shops for finding realistic home living props, such as toasters, TVs, and video cameras. Dollar stores can also be a great resource, just be careful about small parts or objects that might be a potential safety hazard. Appliance stores often throw away large boxes that can be used for many things, and these are especially good for creating houses and painting projects. The ideas are endless! Two great resources for finding inexpensive, creative ideas are Beautiful Junk Creative Classroom Uses for Recyclable Materials by Karen Brackett and Rosie Manley and Beautiful Stuff! Learning with Found Materials by Cathy Weisman Topal and Lella Gandini. Daily Schedule - CORRECT ANSWER โโโ -written and posted in class -structure and sequences -balanced (loud and quiet, physical and non physical, active and passive) Transitions - CORRECT ANSWER โโโ -Transitions take place all day long, whenever one activity stops and another starts -Some transitions are more difficult because of the number of steps involved (lunch to nap) -It is easier to move from quiet to loud/active than from loud/active to quiet activities
The following ideas will help you ease chaos during transition times: - CORRECT ANSWER โโโ -Encourage children to clean up after play so you can supervise rather than clean -Plan your daily schedule so there are as few transitions as possible -Have materials ready so one activity can end and another can begin without having the children wait -Use methods like music or a movement activity to hold children's attention during the transition -Offer choices to the children. For example, "You can sit at the table until we finish or you can listen to the story." -Help children become familiar with the routine, so they know what to expect -Give children a warning just before the transition to help them prepare and get ready for what is coming next Scaffolding - CORRECT ANSWER โโโ assistance a teacher or more skilled peer provides
