Self-Concept: Understanding and Developing a Positive Self-Image, Summaries of Mathematics

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Self-Concept

Self-Concept

 (^) Self-concept is an individual’s perception of self and is what helps make each individual unique.  (^) Positive and negative self-assessments in the physical, emotional, intellectual, and functional dimensions change over time.  (^) Self-concept affects the ability to function and greatly influences health status.

Self knowledge

 (^) Global self: is the term used to describe the composite of all basic facts, qualities, traits, images and feelings one holds about oneself.  (^) It includes:

1. Basic facts: sex, age, race, occupation, cultural background, sexual orientation
2. Person’s position with social groups
3. Qualities or traits that describe typical behaviours, feelings, moods and other characteristics (generous, hot-headed , ambitious, intelligent, sexy

Self expectations

Expectations for self flow from various sources.  (^) The ideal self constitutes the self one want to be.  (^) Self expectations develop unconsciously early in childhood and are based on image of role models such as parents

Components of Self-Concept

Identity  (^) Body image  Self-esteem  (^) Role performance

Interrelationship of Components

of Self-Concept

Components of Self-Concept

Body image is an attitude about one’s physical attributes and characteristics, appearance, and performance.  (^) Body image is dynamic because any change in body structure or function, including the normal changes of growth and development, can affect it.

Components of Self-Concept

Self-Ideal is the perception of behavior based on personal standards and self- expectations.  (^) Self-ideal serves as an internal regulator to support self-respect and self-esteem.

Components of Self-Concept

Role refers to a set of expected behaviors determined by familial, cultural, and social norms.  (^) The level of self-esteem is dependent upon the self-perception of adequate role performance in these various social roles.

Components of Self-Concept

Stressors Affecting Role Performance

• (^) Role overload
• (^) Role conflict
• (^) Whenever a person is unable to fulfill role responsibilities, self-concept is impaired.

Formation of Self-Concept

1. Infant learns physical self different from environment.
2. If basic needs are met, child has positive feelings of self.
3. Child internalizes others people’s attitudes toward self.
4. Child or adult internalizes standards of society.

Stages in Development of Self

Self-awareness (infancy)  (^) Self-recognition (18 months)  Self-definition (3 years)  (^) Self-concept (6 to 7 years)

Assessment

 (^) Assess the client’s strengths to be used as a foundation on which to build therapeutic interventions.

• (^) Maintain appropriate relationships
• (^) Care for self in order to meet basic needs
• (^) Adapt to stressors in a positive manner

Nursing Diagnoses

Disturbed Body Image  (^) Parental Role Conflict  Disturbed Personal Identity  (^) Ineffective Role Performance  (^) Chronic Low Self-Esteem  (^) Situational Low Self-Esteem