UTS REVIEWER
TWINS IN THE WOMB
Iden�cal twins
- are conceived, like every other human, through the
fer�liza�on of an egg by a sperm, but the moment that
the blastocyst divides to create iden�cal twins was
unknown and unseen un�l 2007.
Blastocyst
- Group of cells with iden�cal set of chromosomes
Trophoblast
- living inside the blastocyst
-weakens, blast like a balloon & repair itself
- folded in on itself and the inner cell mass divided into
two sets of cells. If these cells were to con�nue
developing, they would have become iden�cal twins.
Human genome
- 25,000 genes
Epigenome
- Series of chemical switches/changes that can be passed
down to an offspring
In 20 weeks
- twins are 8 inches large and their sexuality can be
determined.
In 24 weeks
- twins can kick inside the womb
Copy number variation
- a phenomenon in which sections of the genome are
repeated and the number repeats in the genome varies
between individuals in the human population.
Poten�al epigene�c events
DNA methyla�on
- inhibits or promotes the expression of certain genes,
which explains why iden�cal twins can have iden�cal DNA
and not exhibit the same traits.
Limited space
- inside the womb can create a fight for room between the
two fetuses, as their size and need for space increases
drama�cally in the last trimester.
Hormonal fluid secre�on
- is one of the most controversial factors in prenatal
development because it relates to the ques�on of
whether or not sexuality is determined before birth.
Some sets of twins were said to exhibit introverted and
extroverted tendencies in reac�on to one another as early
as fi�een weeks.
Prenatal hormonal fluid secre�on
- may influence individuals’ sexual orienta�ons. The film
showcases.
In the sixth week of pregnancy, fetuses with the male Y
chromosome begin developing testes, and during the
eighth week, testosterone releases throughout the body.
Testosterone masculinizes the body, the brain and the
hypothalamus. Some scien�sts argue that the more
testosterone is introduced to the hypothalamus, the
more a man will likely be a�racted to women.
When a male fetus produces less testosterone, or the
brain absorbs less, some scien�sts suggest that the
fetus’s likelihood of preferring people of the same sex is
increased.
2nd Cause of Disease
Bad Genes – 5%, like down syndrome
Bad Signal – 95% like trauma, negative thoughts
Brain Waves
Brain waves
- the brain uses electricity for its neurons (nerve cells or
brain cells) to communicate each other.
-patterns of brain waves changes depending on one’s level
of functioning or cognitive processing.
0 – 7
Physical
- do not expose to exaggerated (pressure, loud music)
- anything that would disturb balance, because they are not
ready
7-14
Emotional - Delta
- emotion naturally poisonous to thinking if it can’t be
managed.
14-21
Thinking – Expert
0-2
- Delta Wave
5-8
-Theta wave
8-12 onwards
-Beta wave
12-14 onwards
-Delta
Beta
– Increase activities in brain, critical thinking
Delta/Theta
- sleep, slow, pattern of brainwave
- hypnotic stage of wave
- dominant to infant/young children
Thoughts
1. Gene – (nature)
2. Subconscious mind – 95 %, operate automatically,
habits
3. Conscious mind – constantly changing, recreate
your thinking.
Stem Cells
