MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. During extinction, the ___________ is omitted; as a result, the
__________ seems to disappear.
A. US, UR
B. CS; CR
C. US; CR
D. CS; UR
2. In Watson and Rayner’s experiment, the loud noise was the
__________ and the white rat was the __________.
A. CS; CR
B. US; CS
C. CS; US
D. CS; UR
3. In which of the following may classical conditioning play a role?
A. emotional problems
B. the body’s immune system
C. helping drug addicts
D. all of the above
4. Shaping is a(n)____________ technique for ____________ a
behavior.
A. operant; establishing
B. operant; suppressing
C. respondent; establishing
D. respondent; suppressing
5. In Pavlov’s studies of classical conditioning of a dog’s salivary
responses, spontaneous recovery occurred:
A. during acquisition, when the CS was first paired with the
US.
B. during extinction, when the CS was first presented by
itself.
C. when the CS was reintroduced following extinction of
the CR and a rest period.
D. during discrimination training, when several conditioned
stimuli were introduced
6. For operant conditioning to be most effective, when should the
reinforcers be presented in relation to the desired response?
A. immediately before
B. immediately after
C. at the same time as
D. at least a half hour before
7. In distinguishing between negative reinforcers and punishment,
we note that:
A. punishment, but not negative reinforcement, involves
use of an aversive stimulus.
B. in contrast to punishment, negative reinforcement
decreases the likelihood of a response by the
presentation of an aversive stimulus.
C. in contrast to punishment, negative reinforcement
increases the likelihood of a response by the
presentation of an aversive stimulus.
D. in contrast to punishment, negative reinforcement
increases the likelihood of a response by the
termination of an aversive stimulus.
8. The “piecework,” or commission, method of payment is an
example of which reinforcement schedule?
A. fixed-interval
B. variable-interval
C. fixed-ratio
D. variable-ratio
9. Putting on your coat when it is cold outside is a behavior that is
maintained by:
A. discrimination learning.
B. punishment .
C. negative reinforcement.
D. classical conditioning.
10. On an intermittent reinforcement schedule, reinforcement is
given:
A. in very small amounts.
B. randomly.
C. for successive approximations of a desired behavior.
D. only some of the time.
11. You teach your dog to fetch the paper by giving him a cookie
each time he does so. This is an example of:
A. operant conditioning.
B. classical conditioning.
C. conditioned reinforcement.
D. partial reinforcement.
12. In promoting observational learning, the most effective models
are those that we perceive as:
A. similar to ourselves.
B. respected and admired.
C. successful.
D. any of the above.
13. A cognitive map is a(n):
A. mental representation of one’s environment.
B. sequence of thought processes leading from one idea
to another.
C. set of instructions detailing the most effective means of
teaching a particular concept.
D. biological predisposition to learn a particular skill.
PROGRESS TEST 2: UNIT 6: LEARNING
