Using arrays in C Programming?, Slides of Programming for Engineers

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Arrays

Arrays

Array : is a collection of fixed number of elements, wherein all of elements

have same data type.

Array Basics:

◦ Consecutive group of memory locations that all have the same type.

◦ The collection of data is indexed, or numbered, and at starts at 0 and The

highest element index is one less than the total number of elements in

the array.

One-dimensional array :

◦ elements are arranged in list form.

Multi-dimensional array:

Arrays

Accessing array Elements

Arrayname [element index].

Example: int list [10];

list [5] = 34;

Cout << list [5];

Array Initialization

Consider the declaration

int list[10]; //array of size 10

After declaring the array you can use the For Loop to initialize it

with values submitted by the user.

Using for loops to access array elements:

for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)

//process list[i]

Example:

for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)

cin >> list[i]; 5

Example : Write a program that ask the user to enter 10

Employee salaries and store them , then add a bonus of 10 % for

each employee and print out the average salary value.

7

int main()

{

float sum = 0.0;

float salaries [10];

for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++)

{

cout<< "Enter Salary for employee no " << i+1<<"\n";

cin >> salaries [i];

}

for (int i = 0; i < 10 ; i++)

sum +=salaries[i];

cout << " The Average salary is " << sum/10 <<"\n";

}

for (int indx =0 ; indx <10; indx++)

{

salaries[indx]+= salaries[indx] * 0.10;

cout << " The salary for employee no " <

Array Initialization

int Arr1[5];

int Arr2 [ 5 ] ;

Arr1 = Arr2 ;

10

include

using namespace std;

int main()

{

int list1[5]={2,4,6,8,10};

int list2[5];

for ( int i =0 ; i < 5 ; i++ )

list2[i]= list1[i];

cout << list2[3] <<"\n";

}

Array as a Parameter

to Function

• Arrays are passed by reference only
• The symbol & is not used when declaring an

array as

a formal parameter

• The size of the array is usually passed as a

parameter

to the function.

11

float calc_Average ( float marks [ ] , int size

);

int main()

{

float marks [5] = {10,20,30,40,50};

cout << calc_Average ( marks, 5)<<"\n";

}

float calc_Average ( float marks [ ] , int size

)

{

float sum =0 ;

for (int i =0 ; i

Two Dimensional Array

Two dimensional Array declaration

Datatype ArrayName [ Rows] [Columns] ;

Example :

Float marks [6] [4] ;

13

1

2

3

4

5

0 1 2 3

20 marks [4][2]= 20 ;

0

Two dimensional Array

Initialization

Consider the declaration

float marks[6][4];

After declaring the array you can use the For Loop to

initialize it with values submitted by the user.

Using 2 nested for loops to access array elements:

for (int row = 0; row < 6; row++)

for (int col = 0; col < 4; col++)

cin >> marks[ row ][col];

14

Write a program that build a matrix of 5 rows and 3 columns. Ask

the user to enter the values for all the matrix items and print out

the all matrix items.

int main()

{

int matrix[5][3];

for (int row = 0; row < 5; row++)

for (int col = 0; col < 3; col++)

{

cout << "Enter the value for item " << row << "," << col

<<"\n";

cin >> matrix [ row ][col];

}

for (int row = 0; row < 5; row++)

{

for (int col = 0; col < 3; col++)

{

cout < 17

Example : Write a program that build a matrix of 5 rows and 3

columns. Ask the user to enter the values for all the matrix items ,

print out the sum of all matrix items and print out the sum of the

diagonal items.

Struct

• Struct : collection of a fixed number of components (members), accessed by name.
• is a group of data elements grouped together under one name. These data elements,

known as members, can have different types

◦ For Example : to store a student record which includes different data items like

(student_no , Fname, Lname , Total_Marks , GPA , …….).

◦ Syntax for Defining Struct is :

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Struct struct_name

{

Datatype identifier

1;

Datatype identifier

2;

.

.

.

Datatype identifier

n;

Struct

For Example : To store an Employee data like ( emp_no ,

fname , lname , salary , bonus , net_salary );

20

Struct Employee

int emp_no ;

string fname ;

string lname;

float salary;

float bonus ;

float net_salary;