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AMA Format: Citing Sources in Medical Research - Texas A&M University Libraries, Study notes of Medical Sciences

Mindanao State University (MSU)Medical Sciences

Guidelines on using the american medical association (ama) format for citing sources in medical research. It covers various types of sources such as books, journal articles, web sites, and online reports, and includes examples and instructions for formatting in-text citations and reference lists.

Typology: Study notes

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TEXASA&MUNIVERSITYLIBRARIES
USINGTHEAMAFORMAT
TheAMAformatiswidelyusedforcitingsourcesinmedicalresearch.Thisinformation,created
bytheAmericanMedicalAssociation,istakenfromAMAManualofStyle:AGuideforAuthors
andEditors(10thEdition).Foradditionalguidelines,pleaseconsultthemanualattheClient
ServicesDeskoftheMedicalSciencesLibrary.
CITATIONSINTHEBODYOFTHEPAPER
CiteeachsourceinnumericalorderusingsuperscriptArabicnumerals(1,2,3…).Putthese
numeralsoutsidecommasandperiods,andinsidesemicolonsandcolons(seeexamplesbelow).
Putacomma(nospaceinfront)betweenthenumbersformultiplecitations(seeExample2).
Joinaclosedserieswithahyphen(seeExample3).
Example1:AreviewofregulationshasbeencompletebytheWHO.15
Example2:Thedatawereasfollows3,4:
Example3:Aspreviouslyreported,11‐14,25
CITATIONSINTHEREFERENCELIST
Attheendofthedocument,listreferencesnumericallyintheorderbywhichtheywerecited
inthetext.Single‐spacewithincitationsanddouble‐spacesbetweencitations.(Citereferences
parentheticallyinthetextifaworkisnotyetacceptedforpublicationorisapersonal
communication.SeeAMAManualofStyle,10thEdition,formorespecifics.)
BOOKS
BookwithOneAuthor:
1. SacksO.UncleTungsten.NewYork,NY:AlfredAKnopf;2001.
BookwithTwotoSixAuthors:Separatetheauthors’namesusingacomma.
BookwithSevenorMoreAuthors:Listthefirstthreeauthors,andthenput“etal.”
BookwithanEditor:
2. GalanterM,ed.ServicesResearchintheEraofManagedCare.NewYork,NY:Kluwer
Academic/Plenum;2001.
BookbyanOrganization:
3. WorldHealthOrganization.Injury:ALeadingCauseoftheGlobalBurdenofDisease,
2000.Geneva,Switzerland:WorldHealthOrganization;2002.
BookofSecondorLaterEdition:
1. AdkinsonN,YungingerJ,BusseW,BochnerB,HolgateS,MiddletonE,eds.Middleton’s
Allergy:PrinciplesandPractice.6thed.St.Louis,MO:Mosby;2003.
Learing and Outreach Services Summer 2009
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TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES

USING THE AMA FORMAT

The AMA format is widely used for citing sources in medical research. This information, created by the American Medical Association, is taken from AMA Manual of Style: A Guide for Authors and Editors ( th Edition). For additional guidelines, please consult the manual at the Client Services Desk of the Medical Sciences Library. CITATIONS IN THE BODY OF THE PAPER Cite each source in numerical order using superscript Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3…). Put these numerals outside commas and periods, and inside semicolons and colons (see examples below). Put a comma (no space in front) between the numbers for multiple citations (see Example 2 ). Join a closed series with a hyphen (see Example 3). Example 1: A review of regulations has been complete by the WHO. 15 Example 2: The data were as follows 3,4: Example 3: As previously reported, 11 ‐14, CITATIONS IN THE REFERENCE LIST At the end of the document, list references numerically in the order by which they were cited in the text. Single‐space within citations and double‐spaces between citations. (Cite references parenthetically in the text if a work is not yet accepted for publication or is a personal communication. See AMA Manual of Style , 10 th Edition, for more specifics.) BOOKS Book with One Author:

  1. Sacks O. Uncle Tungsten. New York, NY: Alfred A Knopf; 2001. Book with Two to Six Authors: Separate the authors’ names using a comma. Book with Seven or More Authors: List the first three authors, and then put “et al.” Book with an Editor:
  2. Galanter M, ed. Services Research in the Era of Managed Care. New York, NY: Kluwer Academic/Plenum; 2001. Book by an Organization:
  3. World Health Organization. Injury: A Leading Cause of the Global Burden of Disease , 2000. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2002. Book of Second or Later Edition:
  4. Adkinson N, Yunginger J, Busse W, Bochner B, Holgate S, Middleton E, eds. Middleton’s Allergy: Principles and Practice. 6th ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby; 2003. Learing and Outreach Services Summer 2009

Using the AMA Format (continued) Book Chapter:

  1. Solensky R. Drug allergy: desensitization and treatment of reactions to antibiotics and aspirin. In: Lockey P, ed. Allergens and Allergen Immunotherapy. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker; 2004:585‐606. JOURNALS Use journal abbreviations provided in AMA Manual of Style ( th Edition) pages 473 ‐ 479 or go to http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=journals and type in the journal’s full title. Print Journal Article: (Use month of publication if no volume or issue given.)
  2. Rainier S, Thomas D, Tokarz D, et al. Myofibrillogenesis regulator 1 gene mutations cause paroxysmal dystonic choreoathetosis. Arch Neurol. 2004;61(7):1025‐1029. Online Journal Article: (Include page numbers if article also available in print. See below.)
  3. Duchin JS. Can preparedness for biological terrorism save us from pertussis? Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2004;158(2):106‐107. http://archpedi.ama‐ assn.org/cgi/content/full/158/2/106. Accessed June 1, 2004. WEB SITES Cite the author (if given), title of item cited (if none given, use the organization name), name of the Web site, URL, published date (if given), updated date (if given) and accessed date.
  4. Truth and reconciliation: examining human rights violations in South Africa’s health sector. American Association for the Advancement of Science Web site. http://shr.aaas.org/trc‐med/presub.htm. Published 1997. Accessed April 30, 2004. ONLINE NEWSPAPERS: (For a print newspaper article, follow same as below, but omit the URL.)
  5. Weiss R. The promise of precision prescriptions. Washington Post. June 24, 2000:A1. http://www.washingtonpost.com. Accessed October 10, 2001. ONLINE GOVERNMENT/ORGANIZATION REPORTS
  6. Dafney L, Gruber J. Does public insurance improve the efficiency of medical care? Medicaid expansions and child hospitalizations. http://www.nber.org/papers/w755. Published February 2000. Accessed February 26, 2004. ONLINE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS/PRESENTATIONS
  7. Collins F. Talk presented at: National Human Research Protections Advisory Committee; April 9, 2001; Bethesda, MD. http://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/nhrpac/mtg04‐01/0409mtg.txt. Accessed February 26, 2004. Learning and Outreach Services Summer 2009