Download Vascular Exam 2 Multiple Choice Questions and Answers 2024 and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
Question & Answers 2024
Where in the vascular system is the lowest energy represented by the lowest pressure located? a. the right atrium b. the left atrium c. the right ventricle d. the left ventricle - Correct Answers ✅a Which of the following statements regarding the gravitational energy and hydrostatic pressure is FALSE? a. They are components of the total energy in the vascular system. b. They tend to cancel each other. c. They are components of the kinetic energy in the vascular system. d. They are expressed in relation to a reference point. - Correct Answers ✅c What causes blood in the vascular system to move from one point to the next? a. hydraulic filtering b. pressure or energy gradient c. hydrostatic pressure d. inertia - Correct Answers ✅b
Question & Answers 2024
In the entire vascular system, how does the cross-sectional area of vessels change? a. Increases from the aorta to the capillary level. b. Decreases from the aorta to the capillary level. c. Remains the same from the aorta to the capillary level. d. Increases only at the level of the arterioles. - Correct Answers ✅a Which of the following statements regarding the velocity of the blood flow is FALSE? a. Velocity refers to the rate of displacement of blood in time. b. The velocity of the blood increases from the capillaries to the venous system. c. The velocity of the blood increases from the aorta to the capillaries. d. The velocity of the blood changes with cross-sectional area of the vessels. - Correct Answers ✅c Which of the following could NOT be used as a unit to measure flow volume? a. mL/s b. m/s c. cL/min d. L/min - Correct Answers ✅b
Question & Answers 2024
- Which of the following characterizes low-resistance flow? a. retrograde flow b. alternating antegrade/retrograde flow c. antegrade flow d. constriction of arteriolar bed - Correct Answers ✅c Which of the following characteristics regarding high-resistance flow is FALSE? a. The flow profile may be two to three phases. b. The flow displays alternating antegrade/retrograde flow. c. The flow profile is due to vasoconstriction of arterioles. d. The flow profile is due to vasodilation of arterioles. - Correct Answers ✅d What flow profile is typically demonstrated at the entrance of a vessel? a. plug flow b. laminar flow c. turbulent flow d. streamlined flow - Correct Answers ✅a Which of the following statements regarding laminar flow is FALSE?
Question & Answers 2024
a. The layers of cells at the center of the vessels move the fastest. b. The layers of cells at the wall of the vessels do not move. c. The velocity at the center of the vessels is half the mean velocity. d. The difference in velocities between layers is due to friction - Correct Answers ✅c What is required to move blood flow in a turbulent system? a. higher velocities b. greater pressure c. larger radius d. smaller radius - Correct Answers ✅b What is the function of the hydraulic filter of the arterial system (composed of the elastic arteries and high-resistance arterioles)? a. Ensure adequate gas/nutrient exchange in the arteries. b. Convert the cardiac output flow to steady flow. c. Ensure adequate conduction of the pressure wave. d. Distribute flow to the capillaries. - Correct Answers ✅b In diastole, how is the conversion of potential energy into blood flow accomplished? a. ejection of the stroke volume from the heart
Question & Answers 2024
a. the increased length of the stenosis b. the friction from the atherosclerotic plaque c. the decrease in the vessel's radius d. the increased viscosity - Correct Answers ✅c Which of the following statements about collateral vessels is FALSE? a. Collaterals are preexisting pathways. b. The resistance in collaterals is mostly fixed. c. Vasodilator drugs have a large effect on collaterals. d. Midzone collaterals are small intramuscular branches. - Correct Answers ✅c What is the secondary goal of examination of the extracranial carotid artery system by duplex ultrasound? a. To identify patients at risk for stroke b. To diagnose fibromuscular dysplasia c. To document progression of disease d. To screen for iatrogenic problems - Correct Answers ✅c Which transducer is most commonly used to perform a duplex evaluation of the extracranial cerebrovascular system? a. 7-4 MHz linear array
Question & Answers 2024
b. 8-5 MHz curvilinear array c. 4-1 MHz phased array d. 5-3 MHz phased array - Correct Answers ✅a A patient presents to the vascular lab for a carotid-vertebral duplex examination. Upon questioning, the patient reveals a 2-week history of intermittent blindness in the right eye. The symptoms resolve within a few seconds. What would these symptoms indicate? a. CVA b. RIND c. TIA d. DVT - Correct Answers ✅c How should the patient's head be positioned in order to expedite a carotid-vertebral duplex examination? a. Head straight forward and elevated on a pillow. b. Head rotated 45 degrees away from side being examined with a pillow under shoulders. c. Head rotated 90 degrees toward side being examined supported by a pillow. d. Head straight with a rolled-up towel placed under the neck. - Correct Answers ✅b
Question & Answers 2024
Which of the following will NOT result in symmetrical (i.e., seen in both carotid and sometimes vertebral arterial systems) changes in the Doppler spectra? a. aortic valve or root stenosis b. brain death c. subclavian steal d. intra-aortic balloon pump - Correct Answers ✅c In a normally hemodynamically low-resistance system or vessel, such as the internal carotid and vertebral arteries, what will a change to high- resistance pattern suggest? a. proximal stenosis or occlusion b. distal stenosis or occlusion c. steal syndrome d. normal change because of exercise - Correct Answers ✅b What is reactive hyperemia, a provocative maneuver used during the duplex evaluation of the extracranial cerebrovascular system, used to demonstrate? a. The diagnosis of brain death. b. A change from latent or partial to complete subclavian steal.
Question & Answers 2024
c. The existence of a unilateral congenital small vertebral artery. d. The effect of an intra-aortic balloon pump. - Correct Answers ✅b Which of the following is NOT "sound" advice for sonographers who wish to prevent repetitive stress injuries while scanning? a. Be ambidextrous. b. Arrange bed and equipment to be close to patient. c. Remain well hydrated during the day. d. Avoid doing stretching exercises. - Correct Answers ✅d Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of normal Doppler waveform contour? a. brisk systolic acceleration b. sharp systolic peak c. increased spectral broadening d. clear spectral window - Correct Answers ✅c Why do Doppler waveforms in the common carotid arteries display a contour suggestive of relatively low-resistance flow? a. 70% of its flow supplies the ICA b. 90% of its flow supplies the ICA c. 70% of its flow supplies the ECA
Question & Answers 2024
d. tardus parvus lesion - Correct Answers ✅c During duplex evaluation of the internal carotid artery, peak systolic velocities are noted to 532 cm/s and end diastolic velocities are 167 cm/s. According to the University of Washington criteria, into what stenosis category would these findings fall? a. 16% to 49% stenosis b. 50% to 79% stenosis c. 80% to 99% stenosis d. occlusion - Correct Answers ✅c For subclavian steal syndrome or phenomenon to occur, where does a severe stenosis or an occlusion need to be present? a. The subclavian artery distal to the vertebral artery origin. b. The left subclavian artery or brachiocephalic artery proximal to the vertebral artery origin. c. The origin of the common carotid arteries. d. Anywhere in the brachial arteries. - Correct Answers ✅b Which of the following would affect pulsed Doppler spectrum contour in all vessels of the extracranial cerebrovascular arterial system even when no disease is present? a. low-cardiac output
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b. aortic root stenosis c. intra-aortic balloon pump d. all of the above - Correct Answers ✅d During duplex evaluation of the carotid artery system, velocities in the external carotid artery reached 250 cm/s, and turbulence was noted just after the area of increased velocity. What do these findings suggest? a. >50% stenosis b. Normal findings for the ECA c. 50% to 79% stenosis d. >80% stenosis - Correct Answers ✅a A pulsatile mass at the base of the neck may be indicative (and often mistaken) for an aneurysm, when it is most likely tortuosity of which of the following? a. the proximal subclavian artery b. the proximal vertebral artery c. the proximal common carotid d. the proximal internal jugular vein - Correct Answers ✅c
Question & Answers 2024
c. Set the angle cursor so the end of the cursor is parallel to the walls and at the highest point of the curve d. Set the angle cursor where the highest velocities are indicated by color Doppler. - Correct Answers ✅b Which of the following is a major feature that should be present for a diagnosis of dissection? a. a color pattern clearly showing two flow directions in the true lumen b. identifiable thrombus within false lumen c. atherosclerosis along the posterior wall d. a hyperechoic (white/bright) line in the lumen of the artery - Correct Answers ✅d Which condition consists of a repetitive pattern of narrowing and small dilatation in an internal carotid artery, giving the appearance of a "string of beads"? a. dissection b. aneurysms c. fibromuscular dysplasia d. presence of enlarged lymph nodes - Correct Answers ✅c
Question & Answers 2024
In a patient with hypertension, incidental diagnosis of fibromuscular dysplasia in the carotid artery system should lead to follow-up evaluation of which vessel(s)? a. subclavian arteries b. renal arteries c. intracranial vessels d. aorta - Correct Answers ✅b Which of the following describes a vessel diameter measuring >200% of the diameter of a normal section of the ICA or >150% of the CCA? a. true aneurysm of carotid vessels b. large carotid bulb c. normal carotid bulb d. pseudoaneurysm - Correct Answers ✅a What is the distinguishing flow pattern in the neck of a pseudoaneurysm? a. low-resistance arterial pattern b. alternating, to-and-fro pattern c. phasic venous pattern d. high-velocity stenotic pattern - Correct Answers ✅b
Question & Answers 2024
a. carotid body tumor b. spontaneous dissection c. fibromuscular dysplasia d. common carotid artery aneurysm - Correct Answers ✅d Why is it crucial to survey the entire visible length of the vessel when evaluating the superficial temporal artery for signs of temporal arteritis? a. The inflamed area is not continuous. b. The vessel is often tortuous. c. Dissections are often present locally. d. Areas of dilatation are present locally. - Correct Answers ✅a A 30-year-old female presents to the vascular lab with decreased radial pulses and upper extremities claudication. What would you suspect? a. Takayasu's disease b. giant cell arteritis c. carotid body tumor d. spontaneous dissection - Correct Answers ✅a
Question & Answers 2024
A 60-year-old female presents to the vascular lab with history of headaches and tenderness in the temporal area as well as jaw claudication. What would you suspect? a. Takayasu's disease b. carotid body tumor c. giant cell arteritis d. spontaneous dissection - Correct Answers ✅c A 25-year-old male involved in competitive bicycle racing presents in the vascular lab with symptoms of headaches and subtle neurologic changes after a crash on the race course. What would you suspect? a. giant cell arteritis b. spontaneous dissection c. Takayasu's disease d. carotid body tumor - Correct Answers ✅b A 75-year-old male with long-lasting history of COPD presents in the vascular lab for evaluation of his carotid arteries. An incidental mass is visualized at the carotid bifurcation on the right side, splaying the internal and external carotid arteries. What would you suspect? a. spontaneous dissection b. carotid body tumor c. giant cell arteritis
