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vascular ultrasound questions with accurate ANSWERS
- allintermittent claudication: there is a pressure drop distal to the obstructed segment after exercise
- all of the following are considered peripheral arteries (high resistant): PTA Brachial radial CFA
- put the following in order. Celiac, renal artery, ima, sma, aorta: Aorta celiac SMA renal IMA
- what is a flow characteristic when an AVF is present?: flow in the proximities artery is greatly decreased during diastole 5.another term for volar is: palmar
- the deep plantar arch consists of what two vessels?: deep plantar artery and lateral plantar artery
- a 58 year old is being evaluated for dizziness- what disease process is most likely to cause the symptom?: vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI)
- all of the following are paired veins?: radial ulnar
PTV
ATV
brachial 9.the ICA terminates into what vessels?: MCA and ACA 10.a carotid duplex exam documents a possible occlusion of the Rt ICA what other noninvasive finding would help confirm the presence of occlusion?: - accelerated flow in the ipsilateral or contralateral vertebral artery -accelerated flowing in the ipsilateral ECA -high resistance flow in the ipsilateral CCA
11. a PSV of >275 cm/sec associated with post stenotic turbulence must be evident to suggest a >70% diameter reduction of SMA: 12.what mechanism can adequately perfuse the rt hemisphere when a possi- ble occlusion of the right ICA?: rt vertebral to right poster cerebral art to rt post communicating art into rt ACA and/or rt MCA -lt ICA to ACA to rt ACA and RT MCA -Rt ECA branches to rt periorbital branches of opthalmic art to distal Rt ICA 13.An acceleration time of <133 msec suggests?: absence of significant iliac disease
1. MCA
2. ACA
3. PCA
4. ICA: 30-60mm antegrade 60- 80 mm retrograde 60-70 mm antegrade 55-65 mm bidirectional 21.which branch of the terminal ICA is the largest?: MCA 22.what are the common stroke symptoms?: numbness, weakness double vision confusion trouble walking 23.what is amaurosis fugax?: temporary vision loss to one eye 24.what is the typical sample volume size?: 1-1.5mm 25.what is the location of TIPS?: rt portal vein to right hepatic vein 26.what forms the confluence of the portal vein?: the splenic and SMA 27.what vessel does the brachial vein connect to?: axillary
28.what does the cephalic vein connect too?: axillary which becomes the sub- clavian 29.the cephalic courses? the basilica courses?: lateral medial 30.the flow resistance of the ICA is: Low 31.the flow resistance of the ECA is: high 32.the renal artery ratio that indicates stenosis is?: >3. 33.describe pre prandial resistance: high resistance with reverse component 34.describe post prandial resistance: low resistance with high diastole 35.a reversed saphenous vein graft (RSVG) differs from a in situ vein graft how?: with the inset graft the vein stays in place leaving the large end proximal and the small end distally 36.In duplex assessment of dialysis fistulas (synthetic or native), common abnormalities include: stenosis at the venous anastomosis aneurysm of graft false aneurysm caused by needle puncture spontaneous thrombus 37.A congenital arteriovenous fistula involves: A multitude of arteriovenous channels 38.the pressure in the artery distal to a traumatic arteriovenous will be?: re- duced 39.a traumatic AVF produces: high pulsatile venous flow in the veins proximal to the fistula 40.the digital/brachial systolic pressure ratio in an extremity with a dialysis fistula usually
50.with inspiration the doppler signal of the subclavian vein: will augment 51.what vessels will be abnormal in intestinal ischemia: IMA and SMA 52.normal arterial wave forms in the renal hilum: low resistance with much diastolic flow 53.an enlarged coronary vein with retrograde flow is a sign of?: portal vein hypertension 54.a common manifestation of portal hypertension is: bleeding esophageal varies 55.the patient with advanced chronic mesenteric ischemia will be: malnour- ished 56.to evaluate flow with in the splanchnic arteries you should examine what vessels?: celiac, sma, ima 57.budd-chiari syndrome is caused of portal hypertension resulting from: he- patic vein obstruction 58.a spontaneous splenorenal shunt is associated with?: portal hypertension 59.in a patient with portal hypertension the most likely result of portal venous pressure would be?: enlarged coronary vein 60.what are common features of renal allograft rejection?: increased allograft size increased cortical echogenicity increased prominence of the renal pyramids 61.what is the most common side of atherosclerosis of the renal artery?: prox- imal 62.the abdominal vessel that is most commonly comprised by compression of the median arcuate ligament of the diaphragm is: the celiac artery
63.the most effective lytic treatment for acute arterial thrombosis is: urokinase
- streptokinase 64.the 5 year risk for rupture of a AAA of 4cm is approx: <10% 65.the type of revasularization surgery that requires the use of vlvulatome is: in situ saphenous graft 66.the "kissing stent" angioplasty/stent techniques is useful for?: bifurcations 67. patency results of femoral and pop angioplasty have been considerably poorer than those of the iliac arteries: 68.the common radiologic terms "inflow" and "outflow" and "run off" refer to: aortoiliac femoropoliteal trifurcation arteries 69.what is a significant problem with digital subtraction angiography?: patient cooperation
77.what may occur from trauma: AVF pseudoaneurysm dissection 78.complications from hemodialysis access grads include: distal limb ischemia CHF pseudoaneurysm 79.what is true regarding arteriovenous malformations?: they are present at birth they may be asymtomatic they can occur anywhere in the body 80.what doppler finding would be evident in an acute arteriovenous malfor- mation: increase diastolic flow in the feeding artery increased systolic velocity in the feeding artery pulsatile flow in the draining vein 81.All of these statements are true about AVF: there is an increase in the volume of blood flow in the feeding artery
arterial resistance proximal to the fistula is decreased high output cardiac failure is common in large AVF 82.all of the following can be attributed to incompetent venous valves follow- ing venous thrombosis: edema venous hypertension varicose superficial veins 83.the ability of veins to accommodate a large shift in volume with only limited changes in venous pressure is known as: compliance 84.intrabdominal pressure decreases with: expiration 85.which pressure is greatly influenced by gravity: hydrostatic pressure 86.veins lose their elliptical shape and become more circular with: increased transmural pressure 87.what happens during calf muscle contraction and relaxation?: a space is created in the deep system with very low pressure during relaxation blood is forced cephalid during contraction solar sinuses empty during contraction 88.a condition in which the body tissue contains excessive fluid: edema 89.the major power source for blood propulsion in the venous system is: calf muscle 90.intrasthoracic pressure: venous return from he upper extremities is reduced when
97.a plug flow profile would most likely ve seen in which vessel?: aorta 98.what describes the exit effects of flow through a stenosis?: flow near the vessel edge becomes stagnant or retrograde boundary layer of operation occurs flow profile elongates and eventually reestablishes as parabolic 99.the term laminar flow:: layered manner in which blood courses with in and arterial lumen
- what factor has the greatest influence on flow resistance?: vessel radius
- the Reynolds number describes?: the point at which flow becomes turbulent
- what happens to the doppler wave form of the femoral artery after exer- cise?: increased flow through diastole
- the energy of something in motion is?: kinetic
- peripheral resistance is controlled by?: vasoconstriction and vasodilation of the arterioles
- what is the effect of massage or pressure not he carotid sinus: reflex bradycardia
- Why do collateral vessels tend to have higher resistance than normal flow channels?: smaller lumens iameter higher viscosity
- the Bernoulli effect describes: decreased pressure in regions of high flow velocity
- the resistance of flow offered by the fluid in motion is termed: viscosity
- the tendency of objects to maintain their status quo is called: inertia
- according to poisequelles law what would occur to the pressure gradient across an arterial segment in which the radius has been reduced by on half?: it would increase
- an aneurysm resulting from infection is?: mycotic
- the periumbilical vein drains into a network of varies that can be seen in the abdomen radiating from the umbilicus: caput medusae
- in Kappa statistics if there is no relationship between the two variables being compared the Kappa value is: 0
- a correlation of a noninvasive test to its gold standard yields a sensitivity of 93% what is true about specificity?: it must be a value of 0-100%
