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veterinary antomy lecture note
Typology: High school final essays
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Definition
Anatomy (Greek word )→“cutting apart.
is a branch of biological science that deals
with the form and structure of all organisms.
Literally the word means to cut apart;
it was used by early anatomists when speaking
of complete dissection of a cadaver.
Physiology (Greek Physis = nature, logy= study
of)
the body and the functions of all its Parts
(systems, organs, tissues, cells, and cell
components) including the biophysical and
biochemical processes.
system Name of study Chief structures
Skeletal system
Articular system
Muscular system
Digestive system
Respiratory system
Urinary system
Reproductive system
Endocrine system
Nervous system
Circulatory system
Integumentary system
Sensory system
Osteology
Arthrology
Myology
Splanchnology
Splanchnology
Splanchnology
Splanchnology
Endocrinology
Neurology
Angiology
Dermatology
Esthesiology
Bones
Joints
Muscles
Stomach and intestine
Lungs and air passages
Kidney and bladder
Ovaries and testes
Ductless glands
Brain, spinal cord, nerves
Heart, vessels
Skin
Eye, ear
Physiology has also become extensive in its scope,
requiring subdivision and specialization into
branches.
Based on systems, there are now specialties in
such areas as:
(^) cell physiology,
neurophysiology,
gastrointestinal physiology,
cardiovascular physiology,
renal physiology,
metabolic physiology,
respiratory or pulmonary physiology,
endocrine physiology, and reproductive
physiology.
D. Special Anatomy – the description of the
structure of single type or species of animals.
Bovine (cattle), Ovine (sheep), Caprine (Goat),
Canine (Dog), Feline (cat), Swine (Pig) Equine
(Horse & Donkey)
E. Ultrastuctural cytology- deals with portions
of cells and tissues as they are visualized with
the aid of the electron microscope
F. Comparative Anatomy – is the study of the
structures of various species of animals with
special emphasis on those characteristics that
aid in classification.
1.3. Methods of studying Anatomy
positions of various parts of the animal body
accurately determined.
It is directly concerned with the form and
relationships of all the organs present in particular
parts or regions of the body.
in relation to surgery and in some applied science.
regarded as consisting of Systems of organs or
apparatus that are similar in origin and are
associated in the performance of certain approach.
Medial plane: is an imaginary plane passing
through the long axis of the body through the
spinal cord.
-It divides the animal body in to two equal
parts i.e. right & left /Craniocaudaly/
Sagittal plane: is any plane parallel to the
median plane
Transverse plane: is a plane in which it is right
angle to the median plane &
Divides the body in to cranial & caudal
angle to both the median & transverse planes
lower part /Dorsal & Ventral/
the water comes above the chest of the
animal body then it is possible to say that the
surface of the water can act as frontal plane
C. Dorsal: is a directional term meaning toward or
beyond the backbone or vertebral
the intestines; they are closer to the vertebral
column.
means in dorsal position.
horse.
D. Ventral: means away from the vertebral
column or towards to the mid-abdominal wall
Example: The udder is the most ventral part of
the body of the cow. It is the part of the body
farthest from the vertebral column.
E. Deep /Internal/: refers to closeness to the
center of gravity or center of an extremity.
to all other structure in the arm.
F Superficial /External/: refers to proximity to
the skin or surface of the body
structure of the body of an animal.
I. Palmar: refers to the flexion or caudal surface of the forelimb below
the elbow.
the limb below the elbow.
below the hock.
J. Cranial: is a directional term meaning towards the head.
mean:
median plane, and of course, only one of each
unpaired structure exists in any given animal.
heart are examples of unpaired structures.
The ribs, limbs, eyes, and most muscles are
paired structures.
The medial view of the body shows two cavities:
a dorsal cavity containing the brain and spinal
cord and a ventral cavity containing most of the
viscera (soft structures) of the body.
The ventral cavity is subdivided by the diaphragm
into the thoracic cavity cranially and the
abdominopelvic cavity (which includes the
abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity) caudally.
