Addis Ababa University
College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture
Department of Biomedical Science
Course: Veterinary Gross anatomy
Title: Anatomy of Endocrine System
For first year DVM students
By Motuma Debelo
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veterinary embrology lecture note
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Addis Ababa University
College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture
Department of Biomedical Science
Course: Veterinary Gross anatomy
Title: Anatomy of Endocrine System
For first year DVM students
By Motuma Debelo
ANATOMY OF ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Introduction
The endocrine system is the collection of
group of ductless glands that produce and
secrete hormones (chemical messengers)
that regulate metabolism, growth and
tissue function, sexual function,
reproduction.
As with nervous system, the basic functions
of endocrine system are communication &
regulation.
http://www.slideshare.net/j3di79/lesson-3-
Unlike exocrine glands, endocrine
glands have no ducts, they are
ductless glands.
But release their secretions
directly into the blood system,
which carries them throughout the
body.
However, hormones only affect the
specific target organs that recognize
them.
Introduction cont’d….
A nerve impulse travels rapidly and
produces an almost instantaneous
response but one that lasts only
briefly.
In contrast, hormones act more
slowly and their effects may be long
lasting.
Target cells respond to minute
quantities of hormones and the
concentration in the blood is always
extremely low.
Introduction cont’d….
Endocrine glands cont’d…..
However, it is known that pituitary gland
is itself controlled by hypothalamus.
This small but vital region of brain lies
just above pituitary and provides the
link between nervous and endocrine
systems.
It controls ANS, produces a range of
hormones and regulates the secretion
of many others from pituitary gland.
The pituitary gland is divided into two
parts with different functions.
Anterior pituitary - Glandular
portion (Adenohypophysis)
Posterior pituitary - Neural
portion (Neurohypophysis)
Pituitary Gland cont’d…
Pituitary Gland cont’d…
Anterior pituitary secretes hormones that regulate
a wide range of activities in the body.
These include:-
Growth hormone - Stimulates body growth.
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) –
Stimulates development of follicles of ovaries
These then secrete oestrogen
Luteinizing Hormone(LH)
Causes rapture of ripened follicles & release of
ova
Helps CL to form in place of follicles & secretion
of progesrone
Pituitary Gland cont’d…
Pineal Gland cont’d….
Thyroid Gland
It is located in neck
dorsolateral to trachea, near
thyroid cartilage of larynx.
Its appearance varies widely
among species
butterfly-shaped gland
In most animals it
possesses two distinct
lobes, and this is variably
connected across the
Thyroid gland produces a hormone
thyroxine, which:-
Influences the rate of growth &
development of young animals.
In mature animals it increases the
rate of chemical reactions in the
body.
It consists of 60% iodine
Too little iodine in diet causes
Thyroid Gland cont’d….
Small aggregates of endocrine tissue
within or near or just behind thyroid
glands.
Two pairs in most domestic animals
but the exact number & location vary
with Species.
Commonly, one pair is visible outside
thyroid gland and is therefore
designated as external parathyroids.
The second pair is often buried in the
substance of thyroid, and these are
Parathyroid Glands