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Tab 1:Waves transfer energy

 Most waves are caused by vibrations or a disturbance of matter.  Medium- matter that waves travel through.  Waves transfer energy from one place to another.  They can do work  They move objects

Parts of a wave

 Crest- Highest point of wave  Trough- Lowest Point of wave  Compression- area where particles are crammed together.  Rarefaction- area where particles are far apart.  Amplitude (aka :wave height) - measure from resting point of wave to crest or trough  the amount of energy a wave has. More energy = higher amplitude  Wavelength (λ )-The distance from any point on one wave to a corresponding point on an adjacent wave.  Usually crest to crest or trough to trough

 Frequency( f )-the number of waves that pass through a point in one second (rate). Unit= Herts (Hz) =1 wave/sec

Tab2: Compare & contrast

Mechanical Waves Electromagnetic waves  Must have a medium  Cannot travel through space or a vacuum.  Travels fastest in solids; slowest in gasses

 Examples: water waves, sound waves, earthquake (Seismic) waves

 Does not have to have a medium  Made up of changing electric and magnetic fields  Can travel through space & vacuum  Travels the fastest in space; slowest in solids

 Examples: Light waves, microwaves, Ultraviolet, x- rays, gamma rays, radio waves

Tab: 3 How are frequency & wavelength

related?

 Wavelength (λ )-The distance from any point on one wave to a corresponding point on an adjacent wave.  Usually crest to crest or trough to trough  Frequency( f )-the number of waves that pass through a point in one second (rate). Unit= Herts (Hz) = wave/sec  Wavelength and frequency are inversely related  High frequency= short wavelengths  Low frequency= long Wavelengths.  The greater the number of waves per second, the higher the frequency – the more energy carried by the wave.  The smaller the wavelength, the more times it will pass through a point in one second.  The larger the wavelength, the fewer times it will pass through a point in one second.

7. Which wave has the lowest amplitude?
8. What is the frequency for wave 3, if the resting point represents 1 second?
9. Which wave has the highest frequency?
10. Which wave has the longest wavelength?
11. Which wave has the shortest wavelength?
12. Which wave has the shortest frequency?
13. Wavelenth is (directly or inversely) related.

Practice

Wave Speed

d

S = t

or v = f x λ

speed = frequency x wavelength

 V = speed  f = frequency unit = Hz  λ = wavelength unit = m (meter)

The Behavior of Waves

What is reflection?

When a wave bounces off an object and changes

direction – this is reflection.

What is refraction?

• Refraction is the bending of a wave as it passes from one medium to another.
• A wave travels at different speeds in different things.
• When a wave traveling a certain speed moves into another medium, it will either slow down or speed up, resulting in a change in direction.

Diffraction also occurs when passing through a

small opening. They diffract and spread out as they

pass through the hole.

 Wave absorption- waves that cannot travel through an object

 Colors that we see are being reflected

 Colors we do not see are being absorbed

 black= all colors of light being absorbed

 White=all colors of light being reflected

 Wave Transmission- waves that can travel through an object