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ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET
Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing Unit number and title 10: Website Design & Development Submission date Date Received 1st submission Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd submission Student Name TRAN CHI TRUNG Student ID GCS Class GCS1007 Assessor name NGUYEN NGOC TU Student declaration I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism. I understand that making a false declaration is a form of malpractice. Student’s signature TRUNG Grading grid P1 P2 P3 P4 M1 M2 M3 D
❒ Summative Feedback: ❒ Resubmission Feedback:
Grade: Assessor Signature: Date: Signature & Date:
- Server technologies and management services.......................................................................................................................................................
- 1 Identify the purpose and types of DNS.................................................................................................................................................................
- How domain names are organised and managed................................................................................................................................................
- Explain the purpose of Communication protocols...............................................................................................................................................
- Explain the purpose of Server hardware..............................................................................................................................................................
- Explain the purpose of Operating systems.........................................................................................................................................................
- Explain the purpose of Web server software.....................................................................................................................................................
- Explain the relationship between technologies above with regards to designing, publishing and accessing a website....................................
- Evaluate technical notes on all of the topics above...........................................................................................................................................
- Website technologies, tools, and software............................................................................................................................................................
- The capabilities and relationships between front-end and back-end website technologies..............................................................................
- Explain how these relate to presentation and application layers.......................................................................................................................
- Review Front End technologies..........................................................................................................................................................................
- Review Back End technologies...........................................................................................................................................................................
- Review Databases..............................................................................................................................................................................................
- Review IDEs........................................................................................................................................................................................................
- Review CMS.......................................................................................................................................................................................................
- Review Website Builders....................................................................................................................................................................................
- REFERENCE.................................................................................................................................................................................................................
- Figure 1 DNS................................................................................................................................................................................................................ Table of figure
- Figure 2 Server hardware.............................................................................................................................................................................................
- Figure 3 Operating systems........................................................................................................................................................................................
- Figure 4 Web server software....................................................................................................................................................................................
- Figure 5 front-end and back-end...............................................................................................................................................................................
- Figure 6 Databases.....................................................................................................................................................................................................
- Figure 7 IDEs..............................................................................................................................................................................................................
- Figure 8 CMS..............................................................................................................................................................................................................
REPORT
1. Server technologies and management services
1 Identify the purpose and types of DNS.
Definition of DNS The Domain Name System (DNS) is a directory of names that matches with numbers, the numbers are the IP addresses which computers use to communicate with each other. The DNS is a protocol which uses the TCP/IP protocol set. It helps convert URLs into IP addresses that computers use to identify each other on a network, it is a system that matches names with numbers like a phonebook does. With a DNS you do not need to have the IP address of everyone, you connect to a Domain name server, which holds a large database of domain names and translates them to IP addresses. So, when you type in a website like www.bbc.co.uk for example, your internet service provider will request the DNS linked with the domain name and then translates it into an IP address that a computer understands then will direct you to the correct website. If you have previously visited the website, the computer will first check the cache to see if it has already visited the website before, if not it will do a DNS query to find the website
Root DNS servers: These servers are the ultimate authority in the DNS hierarchy and are responsible for directing queries to the appropriate TLD DNS servers. There are only 13 root DNS servers in the world, operated by various organizations and located in different geographic locations. Caching-only DNS servers: These servers are used to cache DNS records for faster access and improved performance. They do not perform recursive or authoritative DNS functions, but instead rely on other DNS servers to resolve domain names.
2. How domain names are organised and managed.
Domain name management includes keeping the DNS up to date, the management aspect of it is controlled using a portal by a third-party company. Using this portal, personal or business website can control DNS records which allow access the website, your blog, email and other online assets. Lots of companies online offer services that will control your domain names for you, these will keep your domain name from expiring by offering an auto renewal service in with their service. Once your domain name is up and running you can then use the portal to manage your domain and all aspects of it easily from one place, you can there change the DNS records quickly and easily for different domains.
3. Explain the purpose of Communication protocols.
Communication protocols are sets of rules that govern the exchange of data between devices, systems, or networks. The main purpose of communication protocols is to ensure that data is transmitted in a consistent, reliable, and efficient manner, regardless of the type of devices or systems involved.
There are several reasons why communication protocols are necessary: Standardization: Communication protocols help to standardize data exchange between different devices or systems. By adhering to a common set of rules, devices can communicate with each other seamlessly, regardless of the underlying hardware or software. Efficiency: Communication protocols are designed to optimize data transmission, minimizing delays and reducing the amount of data that needs to be sent. This can help to improve overall system performance and reduce bandwidth usage. Security: Communication protocols can include security features such as encryption and authentication, which help to protect data as it is transmitted over networks. These features ensure that only authorized devices or systems can access the data. Interoperability: Communication protocols enable different devices and systems to work together. For example, a printer can communicate with a computer using a standard protocol, regardless of the manufacturer of the printer or the operating system on the computer. Scalability: Communication protocols can be designed to support large-scale networks, allowing for efficient communication between a large number of devices or systems. Communication protocols are essential for enabling the exchange of data between devices, systems, or networks. They ensure that data is transmitted consistently, efficiently, and securely, while also promoting interoperability and scalability.
Redundancy: Server hardware is designed to provide redundancy and failover capabilities, ensuring high availability and minimizing downtime. Remote Management: Many servers hardware comes with remote management capabilities, allowing administrators to monitor and manage servers from anywhere with an internet connection. Scalability: Server hardware is designed to be scalable, allowing organizations to add more resources as their needs grow. The purpose of server hardware is to provide a reliable, scalable, and high-performance platform for hosting and managing various applications and services. By investing in robust server hardware, organizations can ensure that their critical business functions are always available and perform optimally.
5. Explain the purpose of Operating systems.
An operating system (OS) is a software program that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs. The purpose of an operating system is to provide a convenient and efficient environment for users and application programs to perform their tasks.
Figure 3 Operating systems Some of the key functions and purposes of an operating system include: Resource management: The operating system manages computer hardware and software resources, including CPU, memory, and storage, ensuring that these resources are utilized efficiently and effectively. User interface: The operating system provides a user interface that allows users to interact with the computer and its programs. This includes graphical user interfaces (GUIs), command-line interfaces (CLIs), and other input/output mechanisms.
Figure 4 Web server software Some of the key functions and purposes of web server software include: Hosting websites: The primary purpose of web server software is to host websites and serve them to clients over the internet. This involves handling incoming requests for web pages, images, and other resources, and responding with the appropriate content. Protocol support: Web server software supports various protocols, such as HTTP, HTTPS, and FTP, allowing clients to communicate with the server and request specific resources. Security: Web server software provides various security features, such as SSL/TLS encryption and access control, to protect websites and their data from unauthorized access and malicious attacks. Logging and monitoring: Web server software logs various information about incoming requests, such as IP addresses and user agents, and provides tools for monitoring server performance and traffic. Load balancing: Some web server software includes load balancing features, allowing multiple servers to handle incoming requests and distribute the load evenly across them.
Dynamic content generation: Web server software can also generate dynamic content on the fly, such as pages that are customized based on user input or database queries. The purpose of web server software is to provide a reliable, secure, and efficient platform for hosting and serving websites over the internet. By providing robust web server software, organizations can ensure that their websites are always available, perform optimally, and provide a seamless user experience
7. Explain the relationship between technologies above with regards to designing, publishing and accessing a
website.
Designing, publishing, and accessing a website involves the integration of several technologies, including communication protocols, server hardware, operating systems, and web server software. Communication protocols are used to enable communication between clients, such as web browsers, and servers. The most common protocol for website communication is HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol), which allows clients to request web pages and other resources from web servers. Server hardware provides the physical infrastructure required to host a website, including servers, storage devices, and networking equipment. The choice of server hardware depends on factors such as the expected traffic volume, the type of content being served, and the desired level of reliability and scalability. Operating systems provide the software foundation for server hardware and support the installation and operation of web server software. The choice of operating system depends on factors such as the compatibility with the web server software, security considerations, and administrative requirements.
Server hardware refers to the physical components that make up a server, including the processor, memory, storage, and network interface cards. Choosing the right server hardware is critical to ensuring the performance, reliability, and scalability of a server. This involves considerations such as the server's intended use, workload, and budget. Operating systems: An operating system (OS) is the software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs. Common operating systems include Windows, macOS, Linux, and Unix. Choosing the right operating system is crucial for ensuring that the server runs efficiently and securely. Web server software: Web server software is a type of server software that responds to requests from web browsers and serves web pages to users. Popular web server software includes Apache, Nginx, and Microsoft IIS. Understanding the features, performance, and security implications of web server software is essential for web developers and system administrators. In conclusion, communication protocols, server hardware, operating systems, and web server software are all critical components in the field of technology. A thorough understanding of these topics is necessary for technology professionals to ensure the performance, reliability, and security of their systems.
2. Website technologies, tools, and software
1. The capabilities and relationships between front-end and back-end website technologies
Figure 5 front-end and back-end Front-end and back-end website technologies are responsible for different aspects of website development and work together to create a complete website. Front-end technologies are responsible for the user interface and presentation layer of a website. They include languages such as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, as well as frameworks such as React, Angular, and Vue. Front-end technologies are responsible for the layout, design, and interactivity of a website and are responsible for rendering the website in the user's web browser. Back-end technologies, on the other hand, are responsible for the server-side logic and functionality of a website. They include languages such as PHP, Python, Ruby, and Java, as well as frameworks such as Laravel, Django, and Ruby on Rails. Back-end technologies are responsible for handling data storage, business logic, authentication, and server-side rendering.
Back-end tools and software such as servers, databases, and programming environments are used to create, test, and deploy the application layer of the website. The application layer determines how the website will behave and function for the user. Website technologies, tools, and software are used to integrate the presentation and application layers of the website. APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) are used to communicate between the front-end and back-end of the website. This communication allows the front-end to retrieve and display data from the back-end, and for the back-end to receive user input and perform operations based on that input. For example, a user might fill out a form on a website's presentation layer, which sends an HTTP request to the website's application layer. The application layer would then process the data, interact with a database, and return a response to the presentation layer. The presentation layer would then update the page based on the response from the application layer.
3. Review Front End technologies
Front-end technologies are used to create the user interface and visual appearance of a website. There are several key front- end technologies that are commonly used in website development:
- HTML: HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is the foundation of all web pages. It is used to define the structure and content of a web page.
- CSS: CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is used to define the visual appearance of a web page. It is used to define the layout, colors, fonts, and other visual elements of a web page.
- JavaScript: JavaScript is a scripting language used to create interactive and dynamic user experiences on a web page. It is used to add interactivity, animations, and other dynamic elements to a web page.
- React: React is a popular JavaScript library used for building user interfaces. It is used to create reusable UI components and is often used for building single-page applications.
- Angular: Angular is a JavaScript framework used for building large-scale web applications. It is known for its robustness and is used by companies like Google, Microsoft, and Forbes.
- Vue: Vue is a progressive JavaScript framework used for building user interfaces. It is known for its simplicity and ease of use, and is often used for building lightweight web applications.
- Bootstrap: Bootstrap is a front-end framework used for building responsive and mobile-first web pages. It includes pre-built CSS and JavaScript components that make it easy to create responsive and visually appealing web pages. In summary, front-end technologies are essential in website development and are used to create the visual appearance, user interface, and interactivity of a website. HTML, CSS, and JavaScript are the foundation of all web pages, while React, Angular, Vue, and Bootstrap are popular front-end frameworks and libraries used for building responsive and dynamic web applications.
4. Review Back End technologies
Back-end technologies are used to build the server-side logic and database management of a website or web application. There are several key back-end technologies that are commonly used in website development:
- PHP: PHP is a server-side scripting language that is widely used for web development. It is used to generate dynamic web pages, process data, and interact with databases.
- Node.js: Node.js is a JavaScript runtime environment used for server-side programming. It is used to build scalable and high-performance web applications and is known for its ability to handle large amounts of data.
- Ruby on Rails: Ruby on Rails is a popular open-source web application framework written in the Ruby programming language. It is used for rapid development and is known for its simplicity and elegance.
- Django: Django is a high-level Python web framework used for rapid development and clean, pragmatic design. It includes built-in features for database management, authentication, and security.
