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ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET
Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing Unit number and title 10: Website Design & Development Submission date Date Received 1st submission Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd submission Student Name Do Trong Thinh Student ID GCD Class GCD1102 Assessor name Student declaration I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism. I understand that making a false declaration is a form of malpractice. Student’s signature Grading grid P1 P2 P3 P4 M1 M2 M3 D
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Figure 1: Web image.................................................................................................................................. 4 Figure 2: Communication Protocols ........................................................................................................... 8 I. INTRODUCTION As long as there have been websites, the idea of web design and development has existed. Because the process of creating websites was once much simpler, it had a much simpler definition. You can really see how much websites have advanced when you contrast the first website, which debuted in 1991, with contemporary websites. Today, building and maintaining a website requires a larger ecosystem of roles and skill sets and is more complicated. II. IDENTIFY THE PURPOSE AND TYPES OF DNS, INCLUDING EXPLANATIONS ON HOW DOMAIN NAMES ARE ORGANISED AND MANAGED (P1)
1. Introduction to web
The World Wide Web, or WWW, was created in 1989 by British scientist Tim Berners-Lee. From there, it has continuously developed and improved over time. Figure 1 : Web image Web works in Client-Server Model Clients are the typical web user's internet-connected devices and any software on those devices that allows them to access the internet.
Servers are computers that house websites, applications, or other content. When a client device requests a webpage, the server downloads a copy of the requested page to the client computer, where it is then displayed in the user's web browser. For a Web Works, there are some essential technologies: HTTP: which stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol, is a protocol that gives Clients and Servers a language to communicate with one another. It allows you to retrieve relevant materials from all over the internet. HTML: The markup (formatting) language used by the web framework builder is also known as HyperText Markup Language. HTML-built websites exchange data using the clients-server model. Web Browser: It is described as a piece of software that enables users to locate, access, display, and view information on the World Wide Web. In response to a client request, a web browser retrieves the requested data or information from a web server and displays it on the user's screen. A web browser's primary function is to render HTML. URL: Identifier for a unique resource. a special "address" that is used to identify each web resource and is unique. It is also frequently known as a URL. Web Server: Web servers are regarded as the underlying software that uses HTTP protocols to respond to client requests sent over the WWW. The main responsibility of the web server is to distribute website content to clients by processing, storing, and serving web pages. SMTP and FTP are also supported by a web server. More about Web Server: The most important component in creating and running a comprehensive website is usually considered to be the web server. Web server hardware, however, is quite expensive for individuals or small businesses. The price of web server hardware is high for a number of reasons: Server-grade parts are built to meet conceivably stringent requirements because server hardware is intended to have higher levels of reliable security, redundancy, and operation under harsher conditions than client PCs. They frequently have excellent ports and features, which reduces manufacturing costs. One server serving for many Clients. For instance, since servers are typically designed to operate around-the-clock, we can replace faulty parts like the power supply, hard drive, and RAM without having to shut down the server. Speaking of failures, servers now have numerous early warnings if their hardware is having problems.
recursive resolver does not already have the requested website in its cache. It will then keep this IP address in its memory for a while. DNS Iterative: When a user types in the URL of a website they are looking for, the resolver either responds with an answer from cached memory or queries another DNS server for the answer by returning the address of that DNS server; if it is unable to do so, it then queries the following server. The query will begin at the root server and move down the layers based on the referrals it receives. DNS Root Servers: By responding to requests made in the DNS root zone, the root name server for DNS records plays a crucial part in transforming a domain name into an IP address for a machine. Queries that have been cached in the root zone can be answered by the servers. They can also route requests to the TLD server from non-TLD servers. TLD (Top Level Domain) Nameserver: The part of a domain name that follows after the dot is referred to as the TLD nameserver. Country TLDs and industry TLDs are the two categories into which TLDs are split. an illustration. FR refers for France, and.GOV indicates for websites run by the government. The TLD is the highest level of domain names in the root zone of the DNS for the internet. It is the final part of the domain name 1 for the lower-level subdomains. The ICANNS organization's lANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) is in charge of overseeing TLD nameservers. Authoritative Nameservers: An authoritative nameserver gives responses to DNS queries. For websites 3, it does not deliver responses from the cached memory. The IP address of the website (or other server) being requested is returned to recursive DNS nameservers by the authoritative nameserver. Domain name records, which might be A. CNAME, MX, NS, SOA, or TXT records, are managed by the authoritative name server. A DNS server in a network becomes the authoritative server for the example.co.uk domain if it keeps a record for a website, such as www.example.co.uk.
4. How DNS Works
DNS resolution includes translating a hostname (such as www.example.com) into an IP address that computers can understand (such as 192.168.1.1). Each Internet-connected device has an IP address, which is required to identify the correct Internet device, much as a street address is required to identify a certain residence. A translation must take place between what a user puts into their web browser (example.com) and the machine-friendly address required to find the example.com webpage when they wish to load it.
III. EXPLAIN THE PURPOSE AND RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS, SERVER HARDWARE, OPERATING SYSTEMS AND WEB SERVER OFTWARE WITH REGARDS TO DESIGNING, PUBLISHING AND ACCESSING A WEBSITE. (P2)
1. Communication protocols
The correct definitions of digital message formats and their governing principles are established by communication protocols. These protocols' primary purpose is to exchange messages between computer systems. As they send and receive messages consistently, these are important in telecommunications systems. These protocols cover signaling, authentication, and error detection & correction. They can also bring together analog and digital communications and explain the semantics and syntax. Figure 2 : Communication Protocols These protocols can be implemented both within hardware and software. Computer networks cannot exist without the thousands of different types of communications protocols that are used in analog and digital communications everywhere. Introduction: Protocol: A protocol is a set of rules and regulations. Communication: Communication is the exchange of information through a channel between two systems. Communication Protocol: a set of guidelines and regulations allowing two electronic devices to connect and exchange data.
2. Web server
An HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) server is a piece of hardware and software that processes requests from clients received over the Internet via various protocols. The main duty of a web server is to display website content by processing, storing, and transmitting webpages to users. The email, file-
smartphones is a completely different ballgame. This section of the topic is the most recent and offers a wide range of options for development. Server development stacks: Since there are so many potential'moving parts' and because server development stacks are frequently very specifically targeted at particular hardware configurations, they are outside the purview of this response. Client development stacks: The five main client platforms all have different client development stacks, but they all require a human to do the labor-intensive work of creating an entire end-to- end solution using a text editor and some build tools. Although there are many integrated toolkits that make an effort to speed up and simplify this process, they all have a learning curve that is typically quite steep and have the potential to fail in ways that are challenging to identify. IV. DISCUSS THE CAPABILITIES AND RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FRONT-END AND BACK-END WEBSITE TECHNOLOGIES AND EXPLAIN HOW THESE RELATE TO PRESENTATION AND APPLICATION LAYERS (P3)
1. Front-End
The front end, also referred to as the client-side, is everything a user sees when they visit a website, including the type of design and programming languages used, such as HTML or CSS. The goal of the front end is to create an appealing user interface that is simple for users to manipulate and use. Users directly interact with many aspects of the front end, including: recognizing the position of the logo, the primary colors, searching for and reading information, using buttons and features on the web, etc.
2. Back-End
Definition: Backend refers to all of the components that operate a website or program but are hidden from the user. The BackEnd might be compared to the human brain. It processes requests and commands and chooses the appropriate data to be shown on the screen. Any website's back end is made up of three parts: a server, an application, and a database. Because of it, the website functions well and gives users access to accurate information quickly. Back-End Technologies: Each server-side technology has defining characteristics and constraints. Making the appropriate choice based on the demands of your project is crucial. Programming Language Famous Apps
JavaScript Netflix Candy Crush Facebook Python Instagram Google Spotify Ruby GitHub Zendesk Basecamp PHP Yahoo Workpress Wikipedia Java NASA WorldWind Hadoop Jenkins C# Visual Studio Windows Installer NMath Perl IMDB Amazon BBC C++ Adobe Photoshop Microsoft Office Mozilla Firefox Kotlin Square Trello Evernote Scala Finagle by Twitter Lechess Apache Kafka
3. Relationship Between Front-end and Back-end
Backend refers to the server-side of the program, whereas frontend refers to the client-side. Both are essential to web development, yet their jobs, duties, and working conditions are very different. Backend is basically how everything operates, whereas frontend is what consumers see.
4. How Front-end and Back-end relate to presentation and application layer.
The portion of a website that users see and interact with when they browse the internet is called the frontend. The server, application, and database make up the backend, which is the technology that powers the presentation layer.
[4] Electronics.P.F (2022) What are Communication Protocols & Their Working, [Online] Available at: https://www.elprocus.com/communication-protocols/ (Accessed 6 Dec
[5] Whatls.com (2022) Web server, [Online] Available at: https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/Web-server (Accessed 6 Dec 2022) [6] Fptcloud (2022) OS là gì? Tìm hiểu về hệ điều hành (Operating System) từ A-Z, [Online] Available at: https://fptcloud.com/os-la-gi/ (Accessed 6 Dec 2022) [7] Ken.B (2020) What is the purpose and relationships between communication protocols, server hardware, operating systems and web server software with regards to designing, publishing and accessing a website? [Online] Available at: https://technologycareers.quora.com/What-is-the-purpose-and-relationships-between- communication-protocols-server-hardware-operating-systems-and-web-server (Accessed 6 Dec 2022) [8] Back4app (2022), Top 10 Backend Technologies, [Online] Available at: https://blog.back4app.com/backend-technologies/ (Accessed 6 Dec 2022)
