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Weight Management-Weight Management
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Common health risks associated with obesity - correct answer Hypertension, Type 2 diabetes, heart disease, stroke, cancer Key to weight management - correct answer Balancing energy in vs. energy out Resting Metabolism - correct answer The component of energy expenditure that utilizes the greatest amount of daily calories What has happened to intake of calories over the past century? - correct answer Caloric intake has gone down until 1985, and now its increasing again but not as high as it was in 1900 Energy expenditure has been going down this whole time at a steeper rate BMI Scale - correct answer Percentage of population identified as being overweight and obese - correct answer 68% overweight and 34.9% obese Why were the standards changed from BMI of 27 to 25 for identifying overweight? - correct answer The increased risk for women getting type 2 diabetes started to drastically go up over a BMI of 25 What are "energy in" changes that are adversely impacting this side of the equation
Reasons for reductions of "energy out" - correct answer Our jobs are much more sedentary with computers and desks. Our physical activity is decreasing with increase in T.V usage Most effective weight loss strategy - correct answer EXERCISE - 60 - 90 minutes of DAILY physical activity It will have a positive effect on our BMR/RMR, we will have increased Kcal expenditure during activity, we will have maintained elevation of metabolism post- exercise Exercise vs. Diet in weight loss - correct answer Diet works best in the short run, but not affective in the long run because it's difficult to maintain, it lowers your BMR/RMR, and it comes with psychological obstacles Type of weight lost in diet vs. exercise - correct answer Diet: Lose 9.2 kg and 3.3 kg of this was lean weight (36% of total weight lost was lean weight) Exercise: Lose 11.8 kg and 0.6 kg of this was lean weight (5% of total weight lost was lean weight) Diet and exercise effect on BMR/RMR - correct answer The diet group saw a decrease in the BMR/RMR by 4.4 % while the exercise group saw an increase in the BMR/RMR by 5% Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) or Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR) - correct answer BMR/RMR is the largest component of energy expenditure (60 - 65%) Involuntary activities only: heart beat, breathing, chemical reactions, cellular processes Does exercising increase our caloric intake enough for it to be self defeating? - correct answer NO, while an active lifestyle will increase our dietary intake. The Blaire study looked at people changing from a sedentary lifestyle to a active(running) lifestyle and found that there was a dietary intake increase of 300 Kcal / day, but a more significant decrease in body fat
Example body composition problem - correct answer 200 pound person with 30% body fat Means he has 60 pounds of fat and 140 pounds of lean weight If his desired body fat (DBF) is 27% Then, Lean weight / (1 - DBF) = goal weight Why is it suggested to start with a smaller percentage goal, even if this doesn't get you to within the health body fat range for you age? - correct answer It is only suggested to lose .25 to .50 pounds a week It is better to focus on fat loss, eating, and exercise behaviors rather than the scale Make changes slowly and let the body and brain adapt All of this leads to a much reduced change of regaining the weight back Healthy Body fat % range for men and female at 20 - 40 years of age - correct answer Women: 20 - 40 years: 21 - 33% Men: 20 - 40 years: 8 - 19% College wrestlers who lost weight quickly had significant changes in what psychological variable? - correct answer They saw an increase in anxiety within 48 hours What are 2 "risky eating behaviors" - correct answer Anorexia and bulimia (binge eating with compensation) Binge Eating Disorder - correct answer The most common eating disorder. It is similar to bulimia, but the sufferers don't try to make of for their binges by purging Energy Balance Equation - correct answer Energy intake = Energy expenditure
Positive Energy Balance vs. Negative Energy Balance - correct answer Positive: Energy intake > Energy expenditure Negative: Energy intake < Energy expenditure 3 Components of energy expenditure - correct answer Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR): 60 - 65% Thermic Effect of Food: 5 - 10% Physical Activity: 20 - 35% Thermic Effect of Food - correct answer Energy cost of use Chewing, digesting, absorbing, transporting, storing food Total Body Mass - correct answer Total Body Mass = lean mass + fat mass 3 Fat depots - correct answer Subcutaneous: hips, underneath the skin Visceral: abs and around vital organs Inter Muscular: streaks of fat Apple vs. Pear - correct answer Apple: most of fat is carried abdominally or viscerally - there is more of a risk with hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and heart disease Pear: most of fat is in hips and thighs Thrifty Metabolism - correct answer A slower metabolism so gaining weight is easier You don't need a lot to feel full, it means you fill up fast You body takes a longer time to burn off the calories you intake