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WGU C190 INTRO TO BIOLOGY FINAL
EXAM 2026 FULL ANSWERS AND REVIEW
◉PRARIE ECOSYSTEMS ARE COMMON WITHIN CONTINENTAL
INTERIORS IN THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE. THESE ECOSYSTEMS
HAVE A THICH NUTRIENT RICH TOP SOIL AND ARE DOMINATED
BY GRASSLANDS AND SHRUBS. WHICH ACTIVITY WOULD HAVE A
NEGATIVE IMPACT ON BIODIVERSITY IN A PRARIE ECOSYSTEM?
Answer: COLLECTING THE RICH TOPSOIL TO SELL IN SURROUNDING CITIES ◉IN THE HARSH ARTIC TUNDRA, THE SURVIVIAL OF ONE SPECIES IS OFTEN DEPENDENT ON THE ACTIONS OF ANOTHER. FOR EXAMPLE, THE ARTIC BUMBLEBEE POLLINATES THE ARTIC POPPY AND RECEIVES ENERGY NECTAR IN RETURN. WHICH INTERACTION IS OCCURING BETWEEN THESE SPECIES? Answer: MUTUALISM ◉A REMORA ( SUCKERFISH) EATING FOOD ELFT OVER BY A SHARK IS AN EXAMPLE OF WHICH INTERACTION BETWEEN SPECIES? Answer: COMMENSALISM ◉WHICH TYPE OF CELL DIVISION RESULTS IN SEX CELLS? Answer: MEIOSIS
◉WHICH CHARACTERISTIC DESCRIBES BOTH MEIOSIS AND
MITOTIS? Answer: SISTER CHROMATIDS SEPARATE ◉WHAT IS A CHARACTERISTIC OF DNA, BUT NOT RNA? Answer: IT'S DIRECTLY COPIED TO FORM PROTEINS ◉WHICH PATTERN OF INHERITANCE IS DESCRIBED WHEN A PHENOTYPE RESULTS FROM THE INTERACTION OF MANY GENES? Answer: POLYGENIC INHERITANCE ◉A DOG BREEDER MATES TWO BLACK LABRADOR RETREIVERS DOGS. THE BREEDER IS SURPRISED BY THE OFFSPRING PRODUCED BY THIS CROSSING. IN ADDITION TO OFFSPRING WITH BEAUTIFUL BLACK COATS, THERE ARE DOGS WITH BROWN, GRAY AND TAN COATS. WHICH FORM OF INHERITANCE IS THIS AN EXAMPLE OF? Answer: POLYGENIC ◉WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF HYSTONES DURING THE S PHASE? Answer: ORGANIZING AND HELPING TO UNWIND DNA SO THE REPLICATION ENZYMES CAN ACCESS IT ◉HOW IS DNA STRUCTURED DURING THE METAPHASE STAGE OF MITOSIS? Answer: THE CENTROMERE AT THE CENTER KEEPS DNA LINED UP AT THE CELL'S EQUATOR
◉CHOOSE THE TWO SUBSTANCES THAT ARE THE MAIN
COMPONENTS IN THE MOST EUKARYOTIC CELL MEMBRANES.
Answer: LIPIDS AND PROTEINS. ◉FERMENTATION USES SUGAR IN THE ABSENCE OF WHICH MOLECULE? Answer: O ◉WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF FLAGELLUM? Answer: LOCOMOTION AND SENSING ◉IN THE HUMAN BODY, MUSCLE FIBERS METABOLIZE SUGARS TO PRODUCE ENERGY. FAST TWITCH MUSCLE FIBERS, LIKE THOSE USED DURING SHORT TERM, VIGOROUS EXCERCISE, CARRY OUT AN ANAEROBIC PROCESS THAT PRODUCES LESS ENERGY PER SUGAR MOLECULE PROCESSED. WHICH METABOLIC PROCESS DO FAST TWITCH MUSCLE FIBERS CARRY OUT? Answer: FERMAMENTATION ◉WHICH STAGE OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION RELEASES CARBON DIOXIDE AS A PRODUCT? Answer: KREBS CYCLE ◉WHICH STAGE OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION RELEASES THE MOST ENERGY AND, THEREFORE, PRODUCES THE MOST ATP MOLECULES? Answer: ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
◉WHICH OF THESE IS AN OUTPUT OF THE LIGHT DEPENDENT
REACTION OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS? Answer: ATP ◉WHICH MOLECULE IS AN INPUT TO THE CALVIN-BENSON CYCLE? Answer: CARBON DIOXIDE ◉THE INITIAL BIOCHEMICAL TRANSFORMATION OF GLUCOSE DURING CELLULAR RESPIRATION OCCURS WITHIN THE CYTOPLASM OF THE CELL. GLUCOSE IS TRANSFORMED INTO GLUCOSE- 6 - PHOSPHATE AS ATP IS CONVERTED INTO ADP AND A FREE PHOSPHATE GROUP. WHAT IS HAPPENING TO ENERGY IN THIS INITIAL STEP OF GLYCOLOSIS? Answer: ENERGY IS BEING RELEASED FROM ATP TO POWER THE CONVERSION OF GLUCOSE. ◉A BIOLOGICAL POLYMER COSISTS OF 358 AMINO ACIDS LINKED TOGETHER COVALENTLY. WHAT IS THIS POLYMER? Answer: A PROTEIN ◉A MOLECULE CONSISTS OF A CHAIN OF GLUCOSE MONOMERS LINKED TOGETHER. WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THIS MOLECULE WITHIN THE CELL? Answer: TO STORE ENERGY ◉WHICH SUBSTANCE IS FOUND IN ATP? Answer: NITROGENOUS BASE
HAVE DEAFNESS. HOW DID THE SONS INHERIT THE GENE FOR
DEAFNESS? Answer: ON THE X CHROMOSOME FROM THE MOTHER. ◉A CUTTING IS TAKEN FROM A MATURE HYDRANGEA PLANT WITH BLUE FLOWERS. THE CUTTING IS PLANTED IN ACIDIC SOIL AND PRODUCES RED FLOWERS. WHAT CASUED TEH FLOWER COLOR IN THIS HYDRANGEA CUTTING TO CHANGE? Answer: AN INTERACTION BETWEEN THE GENES AND THE SOIL ◉PLACE THE STEPS OF DNA REPLICATION IN THE ORDER OF OCCURENCE. Answer: 1. DNA MOLECULE UNWINDS
- DNA MOLECULE SEPARATES INTO TWO TEMPLATE STRANDS.
- COMPEMENTARY NUCLEOTIDES ARE ADDED TO EACH TEMPLATE STRAND.
- TWO DNA MOLECULES, EACH WITH A TEMPLATE STARND AND A NEW STRAND ARE FORMED. ◉WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CARRIES THE INFORMATION THAT DETERMINES WHICH AMINO ACIDS ARE USED TO MAKE A PROTEIN? Answer: MESSENGER DNA ◉IN WHICH EUKARYOTIC ORGANELLE DOES PROTEIN SYNTHESIS OCCUR? Answer: ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
◉WHICH ACTION WOULD HAVE A DIRECT NEGATIVE EFFECT ON
THE ENVIROMENT? Answer: REMOVING NATIVE SPECIES ◉AQUATIC HABITATS THROUGHOUT THE NORTHEASTERN U.S. HAVE BEEN DAMAGED BY ACIDIC RAINFALL. AIRBORNE POLLUTANTS RELEASED BY COAL FIRED POWER PLANTS ACIDIFY THE RAIN THAT FALLS IN THESE REGIONS, WHICH HAS LED TO WIDE SCALE DISRUPTIONS TO ECOSYSTEMS AND A DECREASE IN THE DIVERISTY IN THESE HABITATS. WHICH ACTIVITY WOULD CONTINUE TO INCREASE THE ACIDITY OF THE RAIN AND NEGATIVELY IMPACT BIODIVERSITY IN THESE AQUATIC HABITATS? Answer: INCREASING THE USE OF FOSSIL FUEL DEPENDENT ELECTRICAL POWER. ◉A FLY IS HETEROZYGOUS FOR WING LENGTH, CARRYING ONE ALLELE FOR THE DOMINANT LONG WINGED APPEARANCE AND ONE ALLELE FOR THE RECESSIVE SHORT WINGED APPEARANCE. WHICH PERCENTAGE OF THE FLY'S GAMETES WILL CARRY THE SHORT WINGED ALLELE? Answer: 50% ◉BLACK (B) IS THE DOMINANT COLOR, AND RED (b) IS THE RECESSIVE COLOR IN A SPECIES OF BEETLE. TWO BEETLES THAT ARE BOTH Bb ARE CROSSED. WHAT PERCENTAGE OF THE OFFSPRING WILL BE RED? Answer: 25% ◉A SPECIES OF FISH CAN EITHER HAVE DOMINANT RED FINS (R) OR RECESSIVE WHITE FINS (r). FIN LENGTHS CAN EITHER BE
◉EUKARYOTIC ANIMAL CELL INCLUDES: Answer: 1.) MITOCHONDRIAN, GOLGI APPARATUS, NUCLEUS, CYTOPLASM, RIBOSOMES, ROUCH AND SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. DOES NOT HAVE: CELL WALL, SMALL OR NO VACUOLES, NO CHLOROPLAST, LYSOSOMES ( WHICH CLEAN UP THE CELL)T ◉EUKARYOTIC PLANT CELL INCLUDES: Answer: 1.) CELL WALL, LARGE VACULOLE, CHLOROPLASTS, MITOCHONDRIAN, GOLGI APPARATUS, NUCLEUS, CYTOPLASM, RIBOSOMES, ROUGH AND SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. ◉MITOCHONDRIA Answer: Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production ◉RIBOSOMES Answer: protein factories of the cell ◉ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM Answer: TRANSPORTS PROTEINS THAT ARE MADE ◉GOLGI APPARATUS Answer: modifies and packages proteins for export by the cell
◉CYTOPLASM Answer: A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended ◉MEMBRANE Answer: PROTECTIVE BARRIER OF THE CELL ◉SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM Answer: TRANSPORT LIPIDS AND HORMONES ◉PHOTOSYNTHESIS Answer: THE PROCESS OF MAKING FOOD OR ENERGY SOURCES. GLUCOSE & OXYGEN
