Download WGU C268 SPREADSHEETS FINAL OA STUDY GUIDE CERTIFICATION EVALUATION 2026 SOLVED QUESTIONS and more Exams MS Microsoft Excel skills in PDF only on Docsity!
WGU C268 SPREADSHEETS FINAL OA
STUDY GUIDE CERTIFICATION
EVALUATION 2026 SOLVED QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ Data. Answer: Unorganized data that lacks meaning. ⩥ Information. Answer: Data that has been organized in a meaningful manner. ⩥ Information system. Answer: An integrated network of components working together to convert data into useful information; includes an input, a process, and an output; comprised of people, processes, machines, and information technology. ⩥ Knowledge. Answer: The practical application of information. ⩥ Data, Information, and Knowledge example. Answer: Data: The number of people below the poverty line in the region is 50,000. Information: The number of people below the poverty line increases between 2010 and 2018.
Knowledge: The number of people below the poverty line has increased due to stagnating wages and cuts to social programs. ⩥ Decision support system. Answer: This system uses models and statistical analysis to help decision makers solve problems ⩥ Management information system (MIS). Answer: Provides timely and accurate information that enables managers to manage their departments more efficiently; analyzes performance. ⩥ Transaction processing system. Answer: information system used for processing patient admissions, employee time cards, and purchase orders ⩥ Information management. Answer: The management of organizational processes and systems; helps the organization reduce costs and adds value to products; helps the organization make better managerial decisions; stores and processes data. ⩥ Information technology. Answer: The use of computer and telecommunications systems for storing, retrieving, and sending information; comprised of hardware, software, data, and networks. ⩥ information technology management. Answer: the management of hardware, software, data, networks, and people that facilitate access to information and allow the organization to achieve business objectives.
⩥ growth (business strategy). Answer: adding new products or new enhancements to existing products ⩥ Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP). Answer: Involves utilizing computer technology to link various aspects of a business; a very complex resource planning system that spans the entire business; companies often have difficulty implementing the system. ⩥ Customer Relationship Management (CRM). Answer: Allows for personalized communication to customers. ⩥ Knowledge Management (KM). Answer: These systems provide tools to help manage organizational knowledge and create value to meet business requirements and strategic goals. ⩥ chief executive officer (CEO). Answer: also called president or managing director, is responsible for the success or failure of the company, creating the company culture, selecting the senior management team, setting strategy and vision, and selecting projects to fund. ⩥ chief operations officer (COO). Answer: is the director of operations, responsible for the oversight of internal operations on a day-to-day basis and for monitoring production quotas
⩥ chief financial officer (CFO). Answer: manages the company's cash flow and evaluates and communicates financial risks. ⩥ chief information officer (CIO). Answer: a business leader who analyzes internal business processes such as payroll and billing, reshapes the physical infrastructure and network purchases to meet business goals, and leads the workforce to implement critical IT internal projects; responsible for information systems strategic thinking and planning. ⩥ chief technology officer (CTO). Answer: has ultimate responsibility for all technology implementation, maintaining technology compliance regulations, and identifying technology risks for the company. ⩥ chief security officer (CSO). Answer: is the highest level executive concerned with the overall security functions and policies of a business. ⩥ Systems Analyst. Answer: A change agent who uses design and analysis techniques to solve organizational problems using information technology; they report about system development and keep others informed; should understand overall business processes; focuses on analysis, design, and implementation ⩥ Information Security Analyst. Answer: Their goal is to ensure that data and systems are secure to prevent breaches.
⩥ Global Business Strategies that form their organizational and information systems structure. Answer: transnational, multinational, franchisers, domestic exporter ⩥ Transnational. Answer: a commercial enterprise that operates substantial facilities, does business in more than one country and does not consider any particular country its national home. ⩥ Multinational. Answer: an organization that owns or controls production of goods or services in one or more countries other than their home country. ⩥ Database Management System (DBMS). Answer: Allows multiple departments to access, analyze, and modify data that is stored in one central location. ⩥ Total Cost of Ownership (TCO). Answer: Helps establish feasibility. ⩥ Platform as a Service (PaaS). Answer: service provider provides server space, the server, virtualization, operating system, database, and development environment in a platform that can be used for application development. An example would be Amazon Web Services.
⩥ Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). Answer: A service provider provides a cloud fabric, or pooled services, including server space, servers, storage, and all other aspects of the computing platform, with the exception of the operating system and applications, which the client organization would install and manage. ⩥ Analytics as a Service (AaaS). Answer: A cloud software service ⩥ Software as a Service (SaaS). Answer: Software licensed and hosted on centralized or distributed servers that belong to a service provider. Users access this software using a connection to the Internet and a web browser. ⩥ Agile software development methodology. Answer: an operational method by which software developers iteratively gather requirements, plan, design, develop, test, and implement software. ⩥ Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL). Answer: common set of best practices widely used by businesses to give guidance to companies on how to use IT as a tool for implementing change ⩥ Pseudocode. Answer: an informal high-level description of the operating principle of a computer program or other algorithm. Used for human reading, rather than machine reading, and it can be used to translate into any programming language.
⩥ Tertiary storage. Answer: consists of an automated robotic mechanism to mount and dismount magnetic tape or optical discs. ⩥ First and second-generation computer languages. Answer: were specific to the computer manufacturer (1GL) or to a specific processor or environment (2GL). ⩥ Third generation computer languages (3GLs). Answer: high-level programming languages such as FORTRAN, COBOL, C, Java, C++, and C# ⩥ Java. Answer: An open-standard software language used for client- server internal applications. ⩥ COBOL. Answer: The first computer language; developed in the 1950s; still used today. ⩥ Fourth generation computer languages (4GL). Answer: software tools that help reduce the amount of procedural knowledge that is needed about how computers operate and lets end users create programs as needed; SQL is a 4GL. ⩥ Structured Query Language (SQL). Answer: A computing language that is used with relational databases.
⩥ Dynamic Random-Access Memory (DRAM). Answer: The main memory of a computer system; requires constant refreshing. ⩥ Static Random-Access Memory (SRAM). Answer: Retains memory for as long as power is being supplied; does not need to be constantly refreshed; used to access the most frequently used data, as it is faster. ⩥ Horizontal Application. Answer: Software that provides solutions based upon the common needs of many businesses. ⩥ Vertical Application. Answer: Software that designed for a specific business. ⩥ Software. Answer: Provides instructions to computers to perform tasks. ⩥ Low-Level Programming Language. Answer: Basic programming languages that used machine language instruction; they are specific to the hardware and lack portability. ⩥ Dumb Terminal/Thin Client. Answer: A terminal that depends on the host computer for its processing power ⩥ optical character recognition (OCR). Answer: Reads machine printed text; used for time cards.
⩥ Foreign Key. Answer: Field that is a primary key to another table. ⩥ Schema. Answer: The complete description of the database. ⩥ Variable. Answer: a data type or simply type is a classification of data which tells the compiler or interpreter how the programmer intends to use the data; can become incompatible with data warehouse design. ⩥ Flat File Database. Answer: Stores data in plain text, holding one record; cannot contain multiple tables like a relational database. ⩥ Online Analytical processing (OLAP). Answer: analyze transaction data used for making decisions; multidimensional (cubical) data; requires a lengthy, complex loading and updating phase. ⩥ Online transaction processing (OLTP). Answer: database design used for browsing and manipulating business transaction activity. Processing of information into the database. Don't perform analyses on these databases because it could affect performance.
⩥ relational database. Answer: type of database in which multiple information files are combined into one database in one location, where data are stored in two-dimensional tables known as relations and contain multiple entities and attributes ⩥ Object-Oriented Database. Answer: A database that is designed to store mixed media, as opposed to tables in relational databases. ⩥ Conceptual Data Model. Answer: a map of concepts and their relationships used for databases. ⩥ Logical Data Model. Answer: Provides foundation for designing a database ⩥ Physical Data Model. Answer: a representation of a data design as implemented, or intended to be implemented, in a database management system ⩥ Pointers. Answer: Used to show the relationship between data fields and tables. ⩥ Referential Integrity. Answer: Table relationships must always be consistent; for an entity or object to exist in a table, an equal value must exist in the referenced table; the primary and foreign keys must be equal.
⩥ Web Mining. Answer: process of identifying hidden patterns and relationships in non-structured databases, such as the Internet, and applying rules to that data in order to predict future behavior. ⩥ Text mining. Answer: High-quality information is typically derived through the devising of patterns and trends through means such as statistical pattern learning. ⩥ Partitioning. Answer: Dividing a database into more manageable segments. ⩥ Master Data. Answer: Objects shared across the enterprise; it is key to accurate business reporting and analysis ⩥ Data Governance. Answer: Concerned with the management of data, including maximizing quality through effective utilization, availability, and protection. ⩥ Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD). Answer: Illustrates the relationships among all of the tables in a database. ⩥ Database Administrator. Answer: Responsible for the creation and management of the entire database management system (DBMS).
⩥ Data Administrator. Answer: Responsible for determining and monitoring employees' access to the company's database management system (DBMS). ⩥ Information Policy Administrator. Answer: Responsible for acquiring, organizing, and distributing organizational information internally. ⩥ Data Dictionary. Answer: Stores and manages all of the information about the database, or the metadata. ⩥ Three V's of Big Data. Answer: Volume, Variety, and Velocity; Volume refers to the amount of data, variety refers to the number of types of data, and velocity refers to the speed of data processing (real- time analytics). ⩥ Health Analytics Tools. Answer: through smartphone sensors or wearable peripheral devices. Data from these devices is collected, analyzed, and used to help a user to understand, improve, and maintain, or automatically report, their health to their health professionals. ⩥ Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Answer: Using connections to numerous databases containing data concerning locations, crimes, taxes, traffic, votes, and environmental and life science data, geospatial analysis can help government administrators to understand demographic trends, population density changes, attribute concentrations
⩥ Core Router. Answer: A more powerful router that is used to optimize high volume transmissions; aggregate data from business and transmit the data directly to the Internet backbone. ⩥ Digital Signal. Answer: a signal that is being used to represent data as a sequence of discrete values ⩥ Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP). Answer: Used to manage and monitor emails that we receive. ⩥ Packet Switching. Answer: a mode of data transmission in which a message is broken into a number of discrete, parsed parts that are sent independently in encapsulated packets, over whatever route is optimum for each packet, and reassembled at the destination; what is used when accessing the Internet; ⩥ Circuit Switching. Answer: ideal for communications that require data to be transmitted in real-time; a constant connection is required before transmission begins. ⩥ Repeaters. Answer: Receive and retransmit/amplify data at a higher power to it can go a longer distance. ⩥ Tangible User Interface. Answer: An interface in which a person interacts with digital information through the physical environment
⩥ Virtual Network. Answer: Create peer-to-peer connections between computers. ⩥ mesh network. Answer: network topology in which each node relays data for the network ⩥ TCP/IP. Answer: most common protocol which establishes the connection, and data packet quality transmission. The first two bytes are assigned by the Internet Service Provider (ISP), and the last two bytes are assigned by the client. ⩥ Open System Interconnection (OSI). Answer: consists of seven layers and is an international standard that governs or guides the development of data communication protocols the seven layers are: application, presentation, session, transport, network, data link, and physical. ⩥ Telecommunications Network. Answer: Enables the exchange of information between end users across nodes and links. ⩥ Star network. Answer: Router in middle of each computer connected to the router/hub.
