Download WGU D278 SCRIPTING AND PROGRAMMING FOUNDATIONS FINAL EXAM PREP NEW UPDATE PRACTICE SCRIPT and more Exams Reasoning in PDF only on Docsity!
WGU D278 SCRIPTING AND
PROGRAMMING FOUNDATIONS FINAL
EXAM PREP NEW UPDATE PRACTICE
SCRIPT 2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
GRADED A+
⫸ Input Answer: A program gets data, perhaps from a file, keyboard, touchscreen, network, etc. ⫸ Process Answer: A programs performs computations on that data, such as adding two values like x + y. ⫸ Output Answer: A programs puts that data somewhere, such as to a file, screen, network, etc. ⫸ Computational thinking Answer: Creating a sequence of instructions to solve a problem. ⫸ Algorithm Answer: A sequence of instructions that solves a problem. ⫸ Statement Answer: Carries out some action and executing one at a time.
⫸ String literal Answer: Consists of text (characters) within double quotes, as in "Go #57!". ⫸ Cursor Answer: Indicates where the next output item will be placed in the output. ⫸ Newline Answer: A special two-character sequence \n whose appearance in an output string literal causes the cursor to move to the next output line. The newline exists invisibly in the output. ⫸ Comment Answer: Text added to a program, read by humans to understand the code, but ignored by the program when executed. ⫸ Whitespace Answer: Refers to blank spaces (space and tab characters) between items within a statement, and to newlines. Whitespace helps improve readability for humans, but for execution purposes is mostly ignored. ⫸ Pseudocode Answer: Text that resembles a program in a real programming language but is simplified to aid human understanding. ⫸ Assignment statement Answer: Assigns a variable with a value, such as x = 5. An assignment statement's left side must be a variable. The right side is an expression.Examples: x = 5, y = a, or z = w + 2.
⫸ Operator Answer: A symbol that performs a built-in calculation, like the operator + which performs addition. ⫸ Unary minus Answer: The subtraction sign (-) used as a negative. ⫸ Note about integer literal Answer: Commas are not allowed, so 1,333,555 must be written as 1333555. ⫸ Incremental development Answer: The process of writing, compiling, and testing a small amount of code, then writing, compiling, and testing a small amount more (an incremental amount), and so on. ⫸ Floating-point number Answer: A real number, like 98.6, 0.0001, or - 666.667. ⫸ Floating-point literal Answer: A number with a fractional part, even if that fraction is 0, such as 1.0, 0.0, or 99.573. ⫸ Function Answer: A list of statements executed by invoking the function's name, with such invoking known as a function call. ⫸ Type conversion Answer: A conversion of one data type to another, such as an integer to a float.
⫸ Implicit conversion Answer: When a program automatically performs several common conversions between integer and float types (as well as others). ⫸ Type cast Answer: Converts a value of one type to another type. ⫸ String Answer: A sequence of characters, like "Hello". ⫸ Boolean Answer: Refers to a quantity that has only two possible values, true or false. ⫸ Array Answer: An ordered list of items of a given data type, like an array of integers or an array of floats. Array indices start from 0, not 1. ⫸ Constant Answer: A named value item that holds a value that cannot change. ⫸ Element Answer: Each item in an array. ⫸ Index Answer: In an array, each element's location number. ⫸ Scalar variable Answer: A single-item (non-array) variable. ⫸ Branch Answer: A sequence of statements only executed under a certain condition.
statement, exactly one of those branches will execute. When the else branch has no statements, the else part is omitted. ⫸ Loop Answer: A program construct that repeatedly executes the loop's statements (known as the loop body) while the loop's expression is true; when false, execution proceeds past the loop. Each time through a loop's statements is called an iteration. ⫸ Infinite loop Answer: A loop that never stops iterating. A common error is to accidentally create an infinite loop, often by forgetting to update a variable in the body, or by creating a loop expression whose evaluation to false isn't always reachable. ⫸ Sentinel value Answer: A special value indicating the end of a list, such as a list of positive integers ending with 0, as in 1 0 1 6 3 0. ⫸ While loop Answer: A loop that repeatedly executes the loop body while the loop's expression evaluates to true. ⫸ For loop Answer: A loop consisting of a loop variable initialization, a loop expression, and a loop variable update that typically describes iterating for a specific number of times. ⫸ Nested loop Answer: A loop that appears in the body of another loop. The nested loops are commonly referred to as the inner loop and outer loop.
⫸ Do-while loop Answer: A loop that first executes the loop body's statements, then checks the loop condition. Compared to a while loop, a do-while loop is useful when the loop should iterate at least once. ⫸ Function definition Answer: Consists of the new function's name and a block of statements. The function's name can be any valid identifier. ⫸ Function call Answer: An invocation of a function's name, causing the function's statements to execute. ⫸ Parameter Answer: A function input specified in a function definition. Example: A pizza area function might have diameter as an input. ⫸ Argument Answer: A value provided to a function's parameter during a function call. Example: A pizza area function might be called as PrintPizzaArea(12.0). ⫸ Modular development Answer: The process of dividing a program into separate modules that can be developed and tested separately and then integrated into a single program. ⫸ Function stub Answer: A function definition whose statements have not yet been written.
⫸ Agile approach (spiral approach) Answer: In contrast, a program can be built by doing small amounts of each SDLC phases in sequence, and then repeating. ⫸ Universal Modeling Language (UML) Answer: A modeling language for software design that uses different types of diagrams to visualize the structure and behavior of programs. UML consists of several structural and behavioral diagrams. ⫸ Structural diagram Answer: Visualizes static elements of software, such as the types of variables and functions used in the program. ⫸ Behavioral diagram Answer: Visualizes dynamic behavior of software, such as the flow of an algorithm. ⫸ Activity diagram Answer: A flowchart used to describe the flow of an activity or set of activities. ⫸ Use case diagram Answer: A behavioral diagram used to visually model how a user interacts with a software program. Actions from users and the accompanying actions in software, as well as connections between different components of the software, are illustrated in a use case diagram. Use case diagrams are often used to specify behavioral requirements of programs. ⫸ Class diagram Answer: A structural diagram that can be used to visually model the classes of a computer program, including member
variables and functions. A class is a code blueprint for creating an object that is composed of data members and functions (sometimes called methods) that operate on those data members. ⫸ Sequence diagram Answer: A behavioral diagram that shows interaction between software components and indicates the order of events. These diagrams are commonly used to illustrate the sequence of events needed to handle a particular scenario in software. ⫸ Compiled language Answer: First converted by a tool (compiler) into machine code, which can run on a particular machine. Examples include C, C++, and Java. ⫸ Interpreted language (scripting language) Answer: A language that is run one statement at a time by another program called an interpreter. Examples include Python, Javascript, C#, and MATLAB. ⫸ Statically typed Answer: Each variable's type must be declared and cannot change while the program runs. (Static means unchanging). C, C++, and Java are popular examples. ⫸ Dynamically typed Answer: A variable's type may change while a program executes, usually based on what is assigned to the variable. (Dynamic means changing). Python is a popular example. ⫸ Object Answer: In a program, an object consists of some internal data items plus operations that can be performed on that data.
