WGU D281: LPI Linux Essentials (WGU D281 Study Guide) | Complete A+ Solution Guide_ Update | Study notes Linux skills

LPI LINUX ESSENTIALS (WGU D281 NOTES)

Shawn Powers YouTube Linux Essentials Course:

You Can Find Linux On:

• PCs: Desktop, Servers, Laptops

• Embedded Devices: IOT devices, cell phones, etc

• Cloud: Cloud Providers run Linux in their environment (AWS, Amazon, Google, Microsoft, ETC)

Many Distributions Use the Linux Kernel and make their own to tweaks to the kernel in order to create their own operating systems (for

example: Debian based, Red Hat based, or other Linux operating systems)

Linux Distributions:

• Debian Based (These are just a few Debian Based Linux Distros but there are others):

o Ubuntu (Linux Mint is also based on Ubuntu and uses the GNOME desktop for styling and design)

o Pop OS

o Kali Linux

• Red Hat Based:

o RHEL (Red Hat Enterprise Linux) (Used in Enterprise Environments)

o Fedora

o Cent OS

• Other Linux Distros (These Distros are not based on Debian or Red Hat):

o Android, Chrome OS

o SUSE

o Arch

o Embedded Systems

Debian Based Systems Use the app .deb package manager format (.deb aka Debian package manager format)

Red Hat Distros use the yum .rpm package manager format (.rpm aka Red Hat Package Manager format)

Linux Applications and what they are used for (most listed here are open source except Google Chrome) :

• Libre Office (Linux version of Microsoft Office):

o LibreOffice Writer (Linux version of Microsoft Word)

o LibreOffice Calc (Linux version of Microsoft Excel)

o LibreOffice Impress (Linux version of Microsoft PowerPoint)

o LibreOffice Base (Linux version of Microsoft Access)

o LibreOffice Draw (Linux version of Microsoft Visio)

• GIMP: (Linux version of Adobe Photoshop to edit photos and to draw similar to Microsoft Paint)

• Firefox: (most Linux distros use Firefox as the default browser; usually installed by default) (open source)

• Google Chrome: (browser is not installed by default in Linux distros because it belongs to Google therefore it is proprietary and

not open source, but Google Chrome can be installed by visiting the Chrome website).

• Chromium Browser: (chromium browser is open source and in fact Google Chrome is based off of it)

• OpenShot: (open-source software for video editing) (not installed by default in most distros)

• Audacity: (audio editing software something like Protools or other audio editors)

• Mozilla Thunderbird (open Source)

• ownCloud: (file hosting software similar Google Drive) (not entirely open source)

• Nextcloud (file hosting software similar to Google Drive (completely open source)

• Apache: (software to run webservers on Linux) (open source)

• NGINX: (another software option to run webservers on Linux) (open source)

• MYSQL: (open-source database software)

Programming Languages available to Linux Distros (other languages are either exclusive to Windows or Mac such as .Net and Swift):

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LPI LINUX ESSENTIALS (WGU D281 NOTES)

Shawn Powers YouTube Linux Essentials Course:

Screenshots of different Linux Distros:

o

o

o

o .. indicates that is a folder within another folder (as showed at the end on line 2 in the above picture)

 for example: ls taxdocument * (means list every file with that specified name)

 using an asterisks * after any command in Linux is known as globbing

• If you want to list a file where the filename has spaces in between put the filename in quotes in order to list it

because if not linux will try to execute it as two separate commands:

o For example: a filename that who space in between such as “tax documents” (ls “tax documents”)

• w To See Which Users are logged in: simply type w

• last to see a log/list of logins by users

• uname tells you what operating system you are running

• uname -a tells you what operating system you are running and the version number or lsb_release -a

o for redhat or cent os use cat /etc/redhat-release

o

• history: shows us the commands we have ran in that terminal session

• history -c: clears the history of commands we have ran in that terminal session

When you open up a terminal window in Linux it opens a program known as bash which is the shell

/bin folder contains all the commands (commands line commands) and binaries (executables) for your system

env shows all the environment variables being used by the bash terminal (just simply type env no slash before env is

necessary): to access environment variables cat /etc/environment

• the env command will show things such as all the directories (folders) that the bash shell will look for all the

commands that the bash shell will execute:

• for example: when you run the command ls it will look through all the directories for the ls command (it will

look through the all of the /user directories for the command)

• another example when you run the command for top it will look through all the directories for the top

command

Shell Scripting:

o You can use text editors such as Nano or Vim

o When writing a script, it is general convention to name the script with the .sh at the end to indicate it is a

bash shell script

o In order to start writing a script open the terminal and type in vi .scriptname.sh (if want to use vim) or nano

scriptname.sh (if you want to use nano)

o Don’t forget to start script with #! /bin/bash to indicate you want to run the script in the bash shell (kind of

like how you do when writing an HTML document)

o In order to run the script, you have to change the file privileges of the script and make it executable by

using the chmod command:

 rwx are the users permission’s

 r-x are the groups permissions

 the second r-x are permissions for other users on the linux system

o Another example from above using testtext2.txt file:

 rw are the users permissions

 The second rw are the groups permissions

 Other users are read only r

Linux Security:

Linux Permissions Continued:

o To create a symbolic link: ln -s foldername symboliclinkname:

 For example: ln -s justinfolder personalfolder:

Linux Hard Drives and Partitions:

o cd /dev and then ls

o

Installing Different Linux Distros (Continued) (apt & apt-get has dependency tracking):

o apt-get unlike dkpg WILL install software dependencies

works just like apt-get. The difference between the two is that apt maintains a database of all the software and

their dependencies that you have installed just in case you accidentally uninstall a dependency that a program

needs.

o Example if I wanted to install apache:

 sudo apt install apache

o Another example this time using apt-get to install apache:

 sudo apt-get apache

o Example if I wanted to remove apache using apt:

 sudo apt remove apache

o Example if I wanted to purge apache using apt:

 sudo apt purge apache

o apt search softwarename

o apt-get search softwarename

o sudo apt update

o sudo apt-get update

o sudo apt upgrade

o sudo apt-get upgrade

o sudo apt dist-upgrade

o sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

Installing Different Linux Distros (Continued):