Windows - Distributed Operating Systems - Lecture Slides, Slides of Computer Science

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Case Study: Windows 2000

Part I

Windows 2000 Part I

• History
• Overview
• Design
• Micro Kernel
• Plug and Play (PnP)
• NT File System (NTFS)

Overview

• Windows 2000 Professional
  • Replaces NT Workstation
  • Can Handle 2 CPU’s and 4 Gig of ram
  • Requires 1 Gig of disk space
• Windows 2000 Server
  • Replaces the NT Server
  • Can Handle 4 CPU’s and 4 Gig of Memory

Overview 2

• Windows 2000 Advanced Server
  • Provides support for distributed computing, clusters and load balancing
  • Can Handle 8 CPU’s and up to 8 Gig of Ram
• Windows 2000 Datacenter Server
  • Can Handle 32 CPU’s and up to 64 Gig of Ram

Formal Design

• Simple, well documented, using common coding standards
• Major portions designed as subsystems
• Subsystem design allows additional subsystems
• Every subsystem coded for security features
• Validation of arguments by subsystem called

Kernel Mode Overview

• System uses a layered format
• Kernel Layers
  • The Executive
  • Device Drivers
  • Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL)

The Executive

• Object Manager

• Process and Thread Manager

• Security Reference Monitor

• Local Procedure Call (LPC) Facility

• Virtual Memory Manager

• I/O Manager

The Executive 2

• Systems within the Executive are

responsible for error handling

• All arguments passed in a system call

are checked by the called system

• Calls made by other kernel processes

are assumed correct

• Calls made from outside the Kernel are

thoroughly checked

• Exceptions raised when needed

NT File System (NTFS)

• Supports all MS file formats including:
• FAT (floppies), FAT-32 (Win 98), CDFS

(CD-ROMs), and UDF (DVD’s)

• Provides a means to interchange files

between different systems

• Uses ACL, Reparse Points and Storage

Management

Access Control Lists (ACL)

• NTFS employs ACL to maintain a database

of security protection for the files.

• ACL is maintained locally on each shared

volume

• Similar to Unix permissions settings.
• Also controls User disk space quotas

Reparse Points

• Allows the system to determine how to handle a file at the time is it being accessed
• Contained in the files reference.
• Indicates the file type. (Win9X, NTFS, third party etc)
• Indicates actual location
• Allows Win2K to operate w/ third party file system filters, allowing customized storage management