Working with
Analogies
SPI 0801.5.5 Choose a logical word to
complete an analogy, using synonyms,
antonyms, homonyms,
categories/subcategories, whole/part,
functions, verb forms, rhymes, scrambled
words, homophones.
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Guidelines and tips
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Understanding Analogies: Identifying Relationships between Words, Study notes of English Literature
An overview of analogies, their purpose, and various relationships that can be identified in them. It includes examples of synonym, antonym, part-to-whole, member-to-category, cause-effect, and varying degrees relationships. The document also offers helpful approaches for answering analogy questions.
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2021/2022
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Working with
Analogies
SPI 0801.5.5 Choose a logical word to
complete an analogy, using synonyms,
antonyms, homonyms,
categories/subcategories, whole/part,
functions, verb forms, rhymes, scrambled
words, homophones.
Analogies test your ability
to:
- Recognize the relationship between
the words in a word pair
- Recognize when two word pairs
display equal relationships
To answer an analogy
question you must:
- Recognize the relationship between the
words in the given word pair
- Select the answer containing words
related to one another in most nearly
the same way
- Recognize when two word pairs display
equal relationships
Analogies look like this:
Up : Down :: Over : Under
Up is to Down as Over is to Under
Examples of possible
relationships in an analogy:
- Synonyms or antonyms
- A part to the whole
- A member to the category that contains
it
- Cause to effect (or effect to cause)
- Varying degrees of a quantity or quality
- Object to function
Here is one example of
Synonym relationships:
Infant:Baby::Grown-Up: _________?
Infant:Baby::Grown-Up:Adult
Here is one example of Part
to Whole relationships:
Wheel:Car::Branch:_______?
Wheel:Car::Branch:Tree
Here is one example of Member
to Category relationships:
Apple:Fruit::Carrot:_______?
Apple:Fruit::Carrot:Vegetable
Here is one example Matters
of Degree relationships:
Warm:Hot::Cool:______?
Warm:Hot::Cool:Frigid
Here is one example of Object
to Function relationships:
Truck:Transport::Oven:______?
Truck:Transport::Oven:bake
PRACTICE
Can you identify the relationship?
1. PLATOON:SOLDIER
2. HOT:SCALDING
3. STARVATION:BINGING
4. GILLS:BREATHING
5. PERSUASIVE:CONVINCING
6. SOCCER:SPORT
a) Synonyms or antonyms b) A part to the whole c) A member to the category that contains it d) Cause to effect (or effect to cause) e) Varying degrees of a quantity or quality f) Object to function
b e a f a c
Approaches that may be helpful
in answering analogy questions:
- Try to determine the precise relationship
between the words in the given pair
- Form a sentence that captures the
relationship between the two words
- Then look for the answer choice containing
the word pair whose relationship is closest
to that of the given pair and can be
expressed in a similar fashion
Example
APPLE : FRUIT ::
A. Salad : Mix
B. Orange: Banana
C. Juice : Can
D. Slice : Core
E. Butterfly:Insect
How do you know if you
have a good sentence?
- Look at the answer choices
- If more than one answer choice
seems to fit, then your sentence is
too general
- If none of them work, then your