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Environmental Impacts of Drainage Projects in Agricultural Zones, Schemes and Mind Maps of Construction

University of California - Los Angeles (UCLA)Construction

Sharecropper. Karez. A horizontal hand excavated gravity flow well generally used to obtain irrigation water in Balochistan.

Typology: Schemes and Mind Maps

2022/2023

Uploaded on 03/01/2023

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D-w ~ ~ *u -'*-

ISIAMIC PUBLIC OF PAKISTAN .. * -:

WATER POIrwER DEVELOPMENT AUTHORI :

INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRU C---

= -- NA9lONAte -- -. : : z .... E * Zkit .----

i..

PAKISTAN --

DRAINAGESECTViOr0

-NATIONAL 1RI~. 0.

-LBMrED :'-1tcd--

Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure Authorized

Discover Schemes and Mind Maps of Construction University of California - Los Angeles (UCLA)

Partial preview of the text

Download Environmental Impacts of Drainage Projects in Agricultural Zones and more Schemes and Mind Maps Construction in PDF only on Docsity!

D-w ~ ~^ u^ -'-

ISIAMIC PUBLIC OF PAKISTAN^ ..^ *^ -:

WATER POIrwER DEVELOPMENT^ :AUTHORI

INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRU^ C---

= -- NA9lONAte^ --^ -.^ :^ :^ z^ ....^ E^ *^ Zkit^.^ -^ i.. - --

PAKISTAN --

DRAINAGESECTViOr

-NATIONAL 1RI~.^ 0.

-LBMrED :'-1tcd--

Public Disclosure Authorized

The WorldBank 1818H StreetN.W. (202)477- INTERNATIONALBANKFORRECONSTRUCTIONANDDEVELOPMENT Washington.D.C. 20433 CableAddress: INTBAFRAD INTERNATIONALDEVELOPMENTASSOCIATION U.SA CableAddress: INDEVAS

PAKISTAN:

National DrainageProgram

ProjectID # PK-PA-

The followingare availablefrom the Public InformationCenter(PIC), Room G

C1-300,FAX (202) 522-1500,Trl: (202)458-5454:

1. VolumeIII SupplementaryReports.June 1993 $15.

2. VolumeIV Data. Water,Soil and Agriculture.June 1993 $15.

PA9EffAAN1 Mott DRAINAGESECTORENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT 1111 Mabnld

NATIONALDRAINAGEPROGRAMME

Of l 76 B - ShahJanL, Lube Pakin Tde:(2) 758438 Fax # 426436709 - 5538712 Teex: 44730 NESPAKPKC.

Ref.DSEA-NDP/669 Date July13,

Mr. Ridwan Ali

Chief EMIAG

World Rink Group

1818 H Street, N.W.

WashingtonD.C. 20433

USA

Subject: PAKISTAN-DRAINAGE SECTOR ENVIRONMENTAL

ASSESSMENT-NATIONALDRAINAGE PROGRAMME

FINAL REPORI)

Dear Sir,

In accordance with Clause 7.07 of the Contract concluded on 6 July, 1991 we have

pleasure in forwarding 20 copies of the Fmal RXeportThe report consists of:

Executive Summary

Volume 1 - Pakistn Drainage Sector Environmental Assessment

Volume 2 - Concept Framnework - National Drainage Programme

Volume 3 - Supplementary Reports

Volume 4 - Data (Water, Soil and Agriculture)

An Atlas gi'-ng depth to watertable maps and other related information is being

printed and will be sent as soon as completed.

Yours faithfully,

for National Engineering Services Pakistan (Pvt) Limited

(M. ASLAM RASHEED)

Vice President

Encl: As above.

cc: General Manager, Planning, WAPDA

with enclosure 100 copies of each.

Na6omdEagiumeig Swi. rakta (PuL)Ltd Man Mhiwd -Laenmtoua Lt.

PAKISTAN DRAINAGE SECTOR ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSNT -NATIONAL DRAINAGE PROGRAMME

(LIr OF VOLUMES)

VOLUME 1 - PAKISTAN DRAINAGE SECrOR ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

VOLUME 2 - CONCEPT FRAMEWORK

NATIONAL DRAINAGE PROGRAMME

VOLUME 3 - SUPPLEMENTARY REPORTS

VOLUME 4 - DATA (WATEVR,SOIL & AGRICULTURE)

PAKISTAN-DRAINAGESECTOR ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

NATIONAL DRAINAGE PROGRAMIME

LST OF CONTENT

Page Nr. Letter of Transmittal

List of Study Participants

List of Contents i

List of Tables ix

List of Figures xii

Abbreviations xiii

Local Terms xvii

Conversion Table xviii

Soil and Water Quality Definitions xviii

VOLUME 1

DRAINAGE SECTOR ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1-

1.1 Backgrod 1-

1.2 Introduction 1-

1.2 The Study 1-

1.3.1 Objectives 1- 1.3.2 Scope 1-

1.3 Layout of Report 1-

SECTION I

DRAINAGESECTOR

ClAPrER 2 DRAINAGE IN RETROSPECr

2.1 Introduction 2-

2.2 Early Meaures^ 2-

23 Extent of Problem 2-

2.4 Action Programmes and Strategies^ 2-

25 Drainage Development Since Early 196fs^ 2-

2.5.1 Developmentin Public Sector 2- 2.5.1 Developmentin Private Sectr^ 2-

Appendix-li

CHAPTER 3^ FUTURE DRAINAGE REQUIREMENTS

3.1 Establishment of Drainage Need^ 3-

3.2 Status of Land Drainage 3-

3.2.1 Sub-surfaceDrainage^ 3- 3.2.2 SurfaceDrainage^ 3-

3.3 Future Requiremts of Irrigation Related Drainage 3-

3.4 Drinage Effluent and its Disposal^ 3-

Appendix-III

5.5.3 Effluent Disposal from

Appendix-V

6.5.3 Other Water-relatedParasiic Diseases (^) 6- 6.5.4 Anaemia (^) 6- 6.5.5 (^) LivestockDiseases (^) 6- 6.5.6 QuantitativeAssessmentof PotentialHealth Risks (^) 6-

6.6 Soco-cultural impact ot Drainage (^) 6-

6.6.1 Direct Effects of Physical Development (^) 6- 6.5.2 Social Constraintson Potential Benefits (^) 6- 6.6.3 Polarisationof Benefits (^) within the Working Classes (^) 6- 6.6.4 (^) Farmer and Community Groups (^) 6- 6.6.5 Women (^) in Farming Communities (^) 6- 6.6.6 NomadicGroups (^) 6-

6.7 Mitigation of Negative Impacts (^) 6-

6.7.1 OrganicPollution (^) 6-

6.7.2 Soil Sodicity 6-

6.7.3 The Fute Value of Water in the Indus Estuary (^) 6- 6.7.4 (^) WetlandEcosystems (^) 6- 6.7.5 Wildlife in Peripheral and Project Lands (^) 6- 6.7.6 Rare and Protected Species (^) 6-

6.7.7 Fish of Permanent Non-riverine Wetlands (^) 6- 6.7.8 NomadicGroups (^) 6-

6.8 Relxation (^) or Constraints (^) 6-

6.8.1 Toxin Transport and Water (^) Quality Management (^) 6- 6.8.2 Soil Fertility and Nitrogen Harvesting (^) 6- 6.8.3 Resettlement (^) 6- 6.8.4 Health (^) 6- 6.8.5 Social (^) Constraints (^) 6- 6.8.6 (^) AquaticWeed Control (^) 6- 6.8.7 (^) CommunityParticipation in Rural Development (^) 6- 6.8.8 Fanners and CommunityGroups (^) 6-

CHAPTER 8 FRAMEWORK FOR FUTURE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTS

8.1 The Need for Environmental Poides and Basin Management 8-

8.1.1 The Need for EnvironmentalPolicies 8- 8.1.2 Legislation and the Enforcement of EnvironmentalPolicies 8- 8.1.3 IntegratingEA Methodologyinto National Planning 8- 8.1.4 Intra-sectoralObstructionsto IntegratedPlanning 8- 8.1.5 Linkage betweenthe Drainage Sector and other Sectors 8- 8.1.6 The Need for an Indus Basin Water Resource ManagementPolicy 8- 8.1.7 The Hydraulic Model as a Water ManagementTool 8-

8.2 Environmental CapabiSty 8-

8.2.1 Multi-sectoralDevelopment 8- 8.2.2 Constraintsof Staff Motivation in the Drainage Sector 8- 8.2.3 The Need for Sectoral Audits in Pakistan 86 8.2.4 EnvironmentalResponsibilities of the DrainageSector 8- v.2.5 Responsibilityof EPAs for Environmntal Assessment 8- 8.2.6 Domestic Capabilityin EnvironmentalAssessment 8- 8.2.7 Providing Environmnl AssessmentCapability 8- 8.2.8 AssessmentTeam Formation 8-

8.3 Tools for Managing Envirnmental Poldies 8-

8.3.1 Methodology 8- 8.3.2 Grading of Projects for Their EA Needs 8- 8.3.3 Field Investigations 8- 8.3.4 Environment Quality Standards in the DrainageSector 8- 8.3.5 Protection of Downstream Riparian Interests 8-

vii

8.4 External Constraints on Drainage Policies (^) 8-

8.4.1 Long-term Policies and the

Future Value of Water (^) 8- 8.4.2 Population (^) Trends and the Drainage Sector (^) 8- 8.4.3 (^) Tle Importanceof Intangible Assets - EnvironmentalQuality, Culture and Aesthatic Values (^) 8- 8.4.4 Conservation (^) 8-

ANNEXTURES

I - Terms of Reference II - Drainage Technology and Salt Balance Issues III - Water Conservation through Watercourse Improvement IV - Irrigation Related Drainage and Environment v (^) - Assimilative Capacity of Drains VI - The 'Biological Alternative' to Drainage

viii

Table No. Page Nr.

4.1 Direct EnvironmentalImpacts and Drainage in Pakistan (Final Screening) 4-

4.2 Direct Environmenta Impacts^ and Drainage in Pakistan (Final Screening) 4-

4.3 Impacts Requiring Mitigation 4-

5.1 LSK SDP: Pumping^ Station^ DischargeData^ 5-

5.2 Quality of Drainage Effluent LSK Project^ 5-

5.3 Percent Area with DTW <5 feet in LSK Project 5-

5.4 Average Salt Budgetfbr Selected Plots in EKTD 5-

5.5 Status of Soil Profiles in EKTD 5-

5.6 Cropping Statistics - East Khairpur Tile DrainageProject 5-

5.7 Average Salt Content in Soil Profile for Mona Project 5-

5.8 Comparative StatementShowingProfile Salinity Status of SCARP-I and Mona Project (%) 5-

5.9 Summary of Clear and Affected Profiles(%) 5-

5.10 Average Monthly Pumpageof Hairdin Pumping Station 5-

5.11 Salt Content (ppm) of River Indus 5-

5.12 Unit Costs (Rs.M) of Transition of SCARP Wells 5-

5.13 Dynamiicsof the SaltTransport Model 5-

5.14 DevelopmentStages, Area Covered and DisposalsProposed 5-

Appendix - V

I Quality of Effluent from Sump Nr. 8 (S-HA)and Its Pipe Drains (Drainage IV) 2 Water Quality of Sumps Discharge EKTD Project 3 Annual Operationand MaintenanceCosts and Revenue Receipts 4 Effect on Drained Land Quality 5 Effect on Drained Land Agriculture 6 Existing and AnticipatedSaline Fffluent and Salts Disposal from Sindh Sub-surfaceDrainage Projects

Table No. Page Nr.

*7 AnticipatedSalinity of Effluent from Drainage Units of RBOD 8 AnticipatedQuantity and Salinity of Effluent from RBOD 9 Impact of RBOD on Indus Water Quality at Kotri t0 Potentical Schemesfor Recycling 11 Existing and AnticipatedSaline Fffluent Disposal from Punjab Projects 12 Estimated Mixed Water Quality at Various Barrageson Indus River System 13 Total DissolvedSolids (ppm) at various Sites Hairdin Drainage Project 14 Estimated Mixed Water Quality at Guddu Based on 1985-86Flow 15 Spare CapacityAvailable in LBODStage to take AdditionalFlow 16 Spare CapacityAvailablein LBODat Ultimate Developmentto take Additional Flow

6.1 Projected Impacts on Human and Animal Health from Draining WaterloggedAreas (A) and Waterloggedand Saline Areas(B) 6-

6.2 Potential for Mitigationof NegativeHealth Effects of Drainage 6-

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

A

Ac Acre ACE AssociatedConsultingEngineer (Pvt) Limited ADBP AgriculturalDevelopmentBank of Pakistan ADB Asian DevelopmentBank ADP Annual DevelopmentProgramme APCC Annual Plan CoxrdinationCommituee AXEN AssistantExecutiveEngineer

Bcm Billion cubic meter BM&E Benefit Monitoringand Evaluation BMIAD BalochistanMinor Irrigation and Agriculture Development

CAA Civil Aviation Authority CDWP Central DevelopmentWorking Party CE Chief Engineer cfs (^) Cubic feet per second CsU Colorado State University CWM CommandWater Management

D

d day DRIP Drainageand ReclamationInstitute of Pakistan DSEA Drainage Sector EnvironmentalAssessment

EAD Economic Affairs Division EC ElectricalConductivity ECNEC Executive Committeefor National EconomicCouncil ETA EnvironmentalImpact Assessment EPA EnvironmentalProtectionAgency EPC EnvironmentalProtection Council

F

FFC Federal F1lo Commission FGW Fresh Ground Water FIDIC Federation lnternationalt des Ingenieurs-Conseils

xiii

G

g granme GDP Gross Domestic Product GIS GeographicalInformation Systems GM General Manager GW gigawatt

h hour ha hectare hm hectare-meter hm' cubic hectometre

IBM Indus Basin Model IBMR (^) Indus Basin Model (Revised) IBWR (^) Indus Basin Water Authority IDA (^) InternationalDevelopmentAssociation IDC Interest during construction IFAD (^) InternationalFund for AgriculturalDevelopment IRA Indus River Authority ISM Irrigation System Management ISRP Irrigation System RehabilitationProject IWASRI (^) International Waterloggingand Salinity Research (^) Institute

kg (^) kilogramme km (^) kilometre ksm^2 square kilometre kt kilotonne kw kilowatt kwh kilowatthour

LBOD (^) Left Bank Outfall Drain

M Million m (^) metre m^2 square metre m3 cubic metre Ma (^) million acre Mha Million hectare Maf million acre feet M&E Monitoring& Evaluation

xiv

Environmental Impacts of Drainage Projects in Agricultural Zones, Schemes and Mind Maps of Construction

Related documents

Partial preview of the text

Download Environmental Impacts of Drainage Projects in Agricultural Zones and more Schemes and Mind Maps Construction in PDF only on Docsity!

ISIAMIC PUBLIC OF PAKISTAN^ ..^ *^ -:

PAKISTAN --

PAKISTAN:

National DrainageProgram

ProjectID # PK-PA-

The followingare availablefrom the Public InformationCenter(PIC), Room G

C1-300,FAX (202) 522-1500,Trl: (202)458-5454:

1. VolumeIII SupplementaryReports.June 1993 $15.

2. VolumeIV Data. Water,Soil and Agriculture.June 1993 $15.

NATIONALDRAINAGEPROGRAMME

Ref.DSEA-NDP/669 Date July13,

Mr. Ridwan Ali

Chief EMIAG

World Rink Group

1818 H Street, N.W.

WashingtonD.C. 20433

USA

Subject: PAKISTAN-DRAINAGE SECTOR ENVIRONMENTAL

ASSESSMENT-NATIONALDRAINAGE PROGRAMME

FINAL REPORI)

Dear Sir,

In accordance with Clause 7.07 of the Contract concluded on 6 July, 1991 we have

pleasure in forwarding 20 copies of the Fmal RXeportThe report consists of:

Executive Summary

Volume 1 - Pakistn Drainage Sector Environmental Assessment

Volume 3 - Supplementary Reports

Volume 4 - Data (Water, Soil and Agriculture)

An Atlas gi'-ng depth to watertable maps and other related information is being

printed and will be sent as soon as completed.

Yours faithfully,

for National Engineering Services Pakistan (Pvt) Limited

(M. ASLAM RASHEED)

Vice President

Encl: As above.

cc: General Manager, Planning, WAPDA

with enclosure 100 copies of each.

VOLUME 2 - CONCEPT FRAMEWORK

NATIONAL DRAINAGE PROGRAMME

VOLUME 3 - SUPPLEMENTARY REPORTS

VOLUME 4 - DATA (WATEVR,SOIL & AGRICULTURE)

CHAPTER 3^ FUTURE DRAINAGE REQUIREMENTS

5.5.3 Effluent Disposal from

6.7.2 Soil Sodicity 6-

CHAPTER 8 FRAMEWORK FOR FUTURE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTS

8.4.1 Long-term Policies and the

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

A

D

F

G