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BIO181 Practice Test 1

This pretest will help you to evaluate your current knowledge level and give you a preview of the style of questions

you will be asked on the exam. Make sure to use the study guide to ensure that you cover the breadth of material

required for the exam

CH1- Introduction and Scientific Method

1) Which of the following is NOT a domain of life?

a) Eukarya

b) Prokarya

c) Archaea

d) Bacteria

e) all of the above are domains of life

Use this description of an experiment to answer the following questions (#2-4)

Rochan believed that listening to classical music helped him to read. He thought that if classical music is played

while people read a short story, then they would be able to remember that story better. He took two groups of

people, Group A and Group B. Group A read the short story in silence. Group B listened to classical music while

reading the same short story. Both groups had the same lighting, seating and amount of time to read the short

story. Afterwards, a quiz was given to each group about the short story.

2) What was Rochan’s dependent variable?

a) Group A

b) Group B

c) The music

d) The score on the quiz

e)The story

3) Which of the following was not a Controlled Variable in Rochan’s experiment?

a) The lighting

b) The seating

c) The story

d) the music

e) all of the above are controlled variables

4) If group B scored better on the test then:

a) Rochan’s hypothesis was disproven

b) Rochan’s hypothesis was proven

c) Rochan’s hypothesis was supported

d) none of the above

Sample Short Answer Questions- Answer the question in the form of a well written paragraph

1) A scientist wants to test the effectiveness of a new drug, Clearmax to treat acne. Briefly describe a controlled

experiment to test the scientist’s hypothesis that Clearmax reduces occurrence of pimples. Make sure to include

your prediction, IV, DV, SV and your control and experimental groups.

To test the hypothesis that Clearmax reduces the occurrence of pimples, the scientist can conduct a controlled experiment with two groups: an experimental

group that receives Clearmax and a control group that receives a placebo. The independent variable (IV) is the treatment (Clearmax vs. placebo), while the

dependent variable (DV) is the number of pimples observed on participants’ skin over a set period. Standardized variables (SV) include factors such as

participants’ age, gender, diet, and skincare routine, which should be kept constant across groups to ensure accurate results. Participants would be randomly

assigned to each group, and neither the participants nor the researcher would know who receives Clearmax (double-blind procedure). The prediction is that

the experimental group will have fewer pimples than the control group after the treatment period, supporting the hypothesis that Clearmax is effective.

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BIO 181 Practice Test 1 This pretest will help you to evaluate your current knowledge level and give you a preview of the style of questions you will be asked on the exam. Make sure to use the study guide to ensure that you cover the breadth of material required for the exam CH 1 - Introduction and Scientific Method 1 ) Which of the following is NOT a domain of life? a) Eukarya b) Prokarya c) Archaea d) Bacteria e) all of the above are domains of life Use this description of an experiment to answer the following questions (# 2 - 4 ) Rochan believed that listening to classical music helped him to read. He thought that if classical music is played while people read a short story, then they would be able to remember that story better. He took two groups of people, Group A and Group B. Group A read the short story in silence. Group B listened to classical music while reading the same short story. Both groups had the same lighting, seating and amount of time to read the short story. Afterwards, a quiz was given to each group about the short story. 2 ) What was Rochan’s dependent variable? a) Group A b) Group B c) The music d) The score on the quiz e)The story 3 ) Which of the following was not a Controlled Variable in Rochan’s experiment? a) The lighting b) The seating c) The story d) the music e) all of the above are controlled variables 4 ) If group B scored better on the test then: a) Rochan’s hypothesis was disproven b) Rochan’s hypothesis was proven c) Rochan’s hypothesis was supported d) none of the above Sample Short Answer Questions- Answer the question in the form of a well written paragraph 1 ) A scientist wants to test the effectiveness of a new drug, Clearmax to treat acne. Briefly describe a controlled experiment to test the scientist’s hypothesis that Clearmax reduces occurrence of pimples. Make sure to include your prediction, IV, DV, SV and your control and experimental groups. To test the hypothesis that Clearmax reduces the occurrence of pimples, the scientist can conduct a controlled experiment with two groups: an experimental group that receives Clearmax and a control group that receives a placebo. The independent variable (IV) is the treatment (Clearmax vs. placebo), while the dependent variable (DV) is the number of pimples observed on participants’ skin over a set period. Standardized variables (SV) include factors such as participants’ age, gender, diet, and skincare routine, which should be kept constant across groups to ensure accurate results. Participants would be randomly assigned to each group, and neither the participants nor the researcher would know who receives Clearmax (double-blind procedure). The prediction is that the experimental group will have fewer pimples than the control group after the treatment period, supporting the hypothesis that Clearmax is effective.

CH 2 - Chemical Foundation of Life Based on the periodic table entry for Nitrogen to the right, answer the following questions

about Nitrogen. (# 1 - 2 )

1 ) How many bonds will a Nitrogen atom form with other atoms? a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 e) 5 2 ) Another atom has 7 protons and 9 neutrons. This atom is: a) an isotope of Nitrogen b) a different element from Nitrogen c) an ion of Nitrogen d) lighter than average for Nitrogen 3 ) Which of the following accurately describes the difference between a Carbon-Hydrogen bond and an Oxygen-Hydrogen bond? a) one is a covalent bond, the other is an ionic bond b) one is a single bond, the other is a double bond c) one is a non-polar bond, the other is polar bond d) one is a hydrogen bond, the other is an ionic bond e) none of the above accurately describes the difference 4 ) During cellular respiration electrons are removed from Carbon atoms in order to generate energy. In this case the Carbon atom has been: a) elementalized b) reduced c) oxidized d) fused 5 ) The smallest unit of an element that retains all the chemical properties of that element is called: a) an atoms b) a nucleus c) an isotope d) a valence 6 ) Hydrogen bonds form between: a) a positive hydrogen and a negative hydrogen b) adjacent ions c) a partially positive hydrogen and the partially negative portion of another molecule d) a partially negative hydrogen and a positive oxygen O

The Octet Rule The Octet Rule states that atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve a full valence shell containing eight electrons, which is a stable configuration similar to noble gases. The valence shell is the outermost electron shell of an atom, and the valence number refers to the number of electrons in this shell. Ionic bonds form when atoms transfer electrons to achieve an octet, resulting in positively and negatively charged ions (e.g., sodium chloride). Covalent bonds, on the other hand, form when atoms share electrons to fill their valence shells (e.g., water molecules).
The Molecular Make-Up of Water Water (H₂O) is made of two hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to one oxygen atom. The oxygen atom has a partial negative charge, and the hydrogen atoms have partial positive charges, making water a polar molecule. Hydrogen bonds, which occur between the positive hydrogen of one water molecule and the negative oxygen of another, are critical to water’s properties. One specific property is cohesion, where water molecules stick to each other, enabling processes like water transport in plants through capillary action, which is essential for life.
What pH Measures pH measures the concentration of hydrogen ions (H⁺) in a solution, indicating its acidity or basicity. Acids increase H⁺ concentration in a solution (pH < 7), while bases decrease H⁺ concentration by producing hydroxide ions (OH⁻) (pH > 7). Buffers stabilize pH by neutralizing excess H⁺ or OH⁻, maintaining a balanced pH. For example, the bicarbonate buffer system in blood ensures a stable pH for proper biological function.
Organic Molecules and Carbon’s Properties Organic molecules are compounds containing carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen and often other elements like oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. Carbon’s unique chemical properties include its ability to form four covalent bonds, creating diverse structures such as chains, rings, and branched molecules. Carbon can form single, double, and triple bonds with itself or other atoms, enabling the formation of complex molecules like carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, all of which are essential for life.

CH 3 - Biological Macromolecules 1 ) The repeating subunit that makes up a polymer is called: a) a functional group b) a monomer c) glycerol d) carbon 2 ) Which of the following is true of carbohydrates: a) they contain Carbon: Hydrogen: Oxygen in a 1 : 4 : 2 ratio b) they are mono-, di- or poly-peptides c) they are a main component of the cell membrane d) all of the above e) none of the above 3 ) Which statement is true about the fatty acids shown to the right? a) Fatty acid A is saturated and fatty acid B is unsaturated b) Fatty acid A has a higher melting point than Fatty acid B c) Both Fatty acid A and Fatty acid B have a carboxyl group d) all of the above are true e) none of the above are true 4 ) Which of the following is a difference between DNA and RNA: a) DNA is typically double stranded and RNA is typically single stranded b) DNA contain thymine and RNA contain Uracil c) RNA contains one more oxygen on its sugar group than DNA d) all of the above are true e) none of the above are true 5 ) What feature differentiates one amino acid from another amino acid? a) the radical side group b) the number of amino groups c) the number of carboxyl groups d) the number of carbon-carbon double bonds Short Answer Questions- Respond to the following questions in the form of a well written paragraph. 1 ) Plants and animals both store at least some of their energy in the form of polysaccharides. Why is energy stored in the form of polysaccharides? What is the difference between plant and animal polysaccharides? What is the functional difference between these polysaccharides? Energy is stored in the form of polysaccharides because they are large, stable molecules that can store a significant amount of energy in their chemical bonds, making them ideal for long-term energy storage. In plants, the primary storage polysaccharide is starch, which consists of amylose and amylopectin. In animals, the primary storage polysaccharide is glycogen, which is more highly branched than starch. The functional difference lies in how they are utilized: starch provides energy for plants and organisms that consume plants, while glycogen allows animals to store energy in a readily accessible form, particularly in the liver and muscles. The highly branched structure of glycogen enables faster breakdown when energy is needed.

What Limits the Size of a Cell The size of a cell is limited by its surface area-to-volume ratio. As a cell grows, its volume increases faster than its surface area, reducing the efficiency of nutrient uptake, waste removal, and overall cell function. Eukaryotic cells can grow larger than prokaryotic cells due to compartmentalization, which allows them to divide cellular processes into specialized organelles, increasing efficiency. Additionally, structures like the cytoskeleton provide support and enable intracellular transport, while organelles like the mitochondria supply sufficient energy for a larger cell.
Endosymbiosis Theory The Endosymbiosis Theory proposes that certain eukaryotic organelles, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts, originated from free- living prokaryotic cells that were engulfed by an ancestral eukaryotic cell. Over time, these prokaryotes formed a symbiotic relationship with the host cell. Evidence for this theory includes the fact that both mitochondria and chloroplasts have double membranes, their own circular DNA, and ribosomes similar to prokaryotes. Additionally, they replicate independently through binary fission, a process characteristic of prokaryotic cells. These features strongly support their prokaryotic origin.

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about Nitrogen. (# 1 - 2 )