Análisis de los Craniales Nervios: Funciones, Daños y Síntomas - Prof. Albiach, Apuntes de Anatomía

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THE

CRANIAL

NERVES

Introduction

I. OLFACTORY NERVE:

(afferent nerve)

Damage: decreased or absent

response to smell (capable of

regeneration) Smelling – Olfaction O: Olfactory mucosa, nasal cavity

II. ÓPTICO: (aferente)

Damage:

• Loss of vision
• Pupillary light reflex (abn)
• Bumping against objects
• Blindness
• No object following

II. OPTIC NERVE:

(afferent nerve) Transmits visual info from retina to brain Connects the retina with diencephalon

-Dorsal oblique ms of the eye (md)

Damage:

• Dorsomedial strabismus

Damage:

• Ipsilateral medial strabismus
• No corneal reflex (- / 0)

IV. TROCHLEAR NERVE:

(afferent and efferent nerve)

VI. ABDUCENS NERVE:

(afferent and efferent nerve)

• Lateral straight ms of the eye
• Retractor ms of the eyeball

VI. ABDUCENS NERVE:

(afferent and efferent nerve)

V. TRIGEMINAL NERVE:

Ophtalmic nerve: (afferent) Maxillary nerve: (afferent) Mandibular nerve: (efferent) Damage: Ophtalmic n.

• Ipsilateral corneal reflex -/
• Palpebral reflex in medial surface (-/0) Damage: Maxillary n.
• Palpebral reflex in lateral surface -/
• Atrphy ms.mouth Damage (sensory)
• Trigeminal Neuralgia Damage: Mandibular n.
• Paralysis ms. of mastication “dropped jaw”

VII. FACIAL NERVE:

(efferent and afferent nerve)

• Muscles of facial expression
• Salivary glands
• Lacrimal glands
• Resp for taste sensation (2/3 tongue prx)

Damage:

• Vestibular signs
• Deafness

VIII. VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR

NERVE:

(afferent nerve) -Hearing and equilibrium -Vestibular and cochlear n.

Damage:

• Swallowing reflex -/
• Changes in voice

IX. GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL

NERVE:

(afferent and efferent nerve) -Pharynx (swallowing) -Taste sensation (posterior third tongue) -Parotid salivary gland

Damage:

• Swallowing reflex -/
• Changes in voice
• Abnormal func heart, lungs … Sensory: skin auricle (ear) -Ms pharynx, larynx, esophagus, trachea, internal organs (heart, lungs, abd. Viscera)

DAMAGE:

• Atrophy of muscles

innervated by the nerve

XI. ACCESSORY NERVE:

(afferent and efferent nerve) -I: Muscles moving head, neck and shoulders (brachiocephalic, omotransverse, trapezius, sternocephalic ms)

Damage:

• Atrophy of motor

muscles of the tongue

(deviation tongue towards normal side)

XII. HIPOGLOSSAL NERVE:

(afferent and efferent nerve)