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REPORTED SPEECH
A) ORACIONES ENUNCIATIVAS (STATEMENTS)
Al pasar del estilo directo al estilo indirecto se suelen producir una serie de cambios, tanto en la estructura de la oración como en las referencias personales, temporales o espaciales.
• Cambios en los tiempos verbales.
Cuando el verbo introductor del estilo indirecto está en presente los tiempos
verbales del mensaje original no cambian.
Ejemplo:
- They say: “ We're hungry”. They say (that) they are hungry.
Sin embargo , cuando el verbo introductor está en pasado, los cambios que se
producen son los siguientes:
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
Present Simple: I live in a big house.
Past Simple: He said (that) he lived in a big house.
Present Continuous: I'm doing my homework.
Past Continuous: He said (that) he was doing his homework.
Past Simple: I saw them at the party.
Past Perfect: He said (that) he had seen them at the party.
Present Perfect: We've been to the beach.
Past Perfect: He said (that) they had been to the beach.
• Cambios de los verbos modales:
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
Can: I can play the guitar. Could: He said (that) he could play the guitar.
Will: I'll answer the phone. Would: He said (that) he would answer the phone.
Must/ Have to: You must be more tolerant.
Had to: He said (that) he had to be more tolerant.
May: It may rain. Might: He said (that) it might rain.
Los otros verbos modales should, would y could no cambian.
- Cambios en las referencias personales:
a) Los pronombre y adjetivos posesivos: de 1ª Persona → 3ª persona.
- He said: “ I can't read with my glasses” → He said (that) he couldn't read with
his glasses.
- They said: “ We can do it”. → They said (that) they could do it.
b) El pronombre: YOU → I / We
- She said: “You are lucky” → She said I was lucky.
- Otras expresiones que cambian:
DIRECT SPEECH
REPORTED SPEECH
This That Here There Today That day Yesterday The day before, the previous day Tomorrow The next day/ The following day Tonight That night Tomorrow morning The next/ the following morning Yesterday afternoon The previous afternoon, tha afternoon before Next week/ month/ year
The following week/ month/ year
Last week/ month/ year
The previous week/ month/ year
A week/ month /year ago
A week/ month/ year before
she had bo
at the che
NEGATIVE:
SUBJECT+ VERB(TELL, ASK, WARN, ADVISE) + D.O + NOT TO +
INFINITIVE
- He said to me, “Don't talk”. → He told me not to talk.
- We said to Jane: “Don't tell anyone until next week”. → We told Jane not to tell anyone until the following week. - He asked i f / whether h
t he window
They aske i f / wheher we
our holida
D) SUGGESTIONS
El verbo suggest puede tener varias estructuras. (La más sencilla es la
siguiente)
SUBJECT + SUGGEST + (NOT) +VERB -ING
- “Why don´t we make reservations? We suggested → We suggested making reservations.
- “Let's go to the cinema tonight”, she said. → She suggested going to the cinema that night.
E) REPORTING VERBS WITH OTHER STRUCTURES
Los verbos que introducen el estilo indirecto usan diferentes estructuras.
a. promise, agree, refuse: Reporting verb + (not) + to + infinitive
- “I'll give up tomatoes”, promised Jason
- Jason promised to give up tomatoes.
b. deny, admit, apologize: Reporting verb + (not) + gerund
- “I don't take drugs”, Jason denied.
- Jason denied taking drugs.
c. advise, remind, warn, ask: Reporting verb + object + (not)+ to+ infinitive
- “Don't tell anyone about my secret”, Lily warned us.
- Lily warned us not to tell anyone about her secret.
NOTE: The verbs promise, admit and deny also use the regular form for
reported speech.
- Jason promised that he would give up tomatoes
