1. PRESENT PERFECT
-USE: To talk about experiences we had in our lives. Time is not specified.
-STRUCTURE:
(+) Subject + have/has + verb in past participle (3rd column if irregular verb, past simple
ending in -ed, -d, -ied if it´s regular).
Example: “I have been to China” (Yo he estado en China).
(-) Subject + have/has + verb in past participle.
Example: “I haven´t been to China.” (Yo no he estado en China)
(?) Have / Has + subject + verb in participle + … + ?
Example: “Have you been to China?” (¿Has estado en China?)
“Have you ever been to China?” (¿Alguna vez has estado en China?)
-SHORT ANSWERS
Yes, I have / No, I haven't // Yes, he has / No, he hasn't
CAREFUL!
*If we specify WHEN the action happened, then we should use PAST SIMPLE.
Remember some time expressions when using Past Simple: Yesterday, Last day, Last week,
Last month,two years ago,“in 1945”...
*Remember that“´s” means “has“ and not “is; and “´ve” means “have”.
2. PRESENT PERFECT with “ALREADY / STILL / YET”
– We use “already” to say that something happened before it was expected. (Usamos
“already” para decir que ya ha ocurrido algo, antes de lo esperado)
Example:
“John has already finished his homework.” → “John ya ha terminado sus deberes. “
-We use “still” and “yet” to reinforce the idea that something hasn't changed. It is used in
negative sentences and it comes before “has/have”. (Signficado de “aún/todavía”).
