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Year of unity, peace and development NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF UCAYALI FACULTY OF FORESTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING MONOGRAPH BIOTRADE OF AMAZON FRUITS ( THEOBROMA CACAO , MYRCIARIA DUBIA, MAURITIA FLEXUOSA) IN UCAYALI COURSE ENGLISH TEACHER NORIEGA SILVA ROSMERY ELIZABETH AMALIA STUDENTS ALANYA CUSIHUAMAN ANEL LARYZA CESPEDES TUESTA DAYANA MAYTE MORENO MORI JHAT ARMANDO VALLES DAVILA MIRIAM ESTHER CYCLE IV - A PUCALLPA – PERÚ 2023 : : : :
Índex
- Introduction
- Theoretical framework
- Chapter I: Trade and production of Amazonian fruits in Ucayali
- 1.1. Description and analysis of biotrade
- 1.2. Characteristic, commercialization and biocommercial impact of Amazonian fruits
- Cacao ( Theobroma cacao )..........................................................................................................
- Camu camu (Myrciaria dubia)
- Aguaje (Mauritia flexuosa)
- Chapter II: Amazon fruit marketing agents....................................................................................
- 2.1. DISTRIBUTION OF AMAZON PRODUCTS
- 2.2. Marketing
- 2.3. Business
- Chapter III: Biotrade statistics in Ucayali
- Statistical data for the period (2019-2021)
- Countries with the highest consumption of amazonian products
- Export of Cacao in Ucayali
- Export of Camu Camu in Ucayali
- Preference in terms of demand for aguaje in Pucallpa..........................................................
- Supply of aguaje fruit in Ucayali
- Conclusions and recommendations
- References
- A nnexes
Theoretical framework Chapter I: Trade and production of Amazonian fruits in Ucayali 1.1. Description and analysis of biotrade Biotrade is a relatively new concept that has been well received in our country, and is oriented towards the promotion of trade and investment in biodiversity products. This work aims to support the development of economic activity at the local level, through strategic alliances and the generation of added value for the national and international market, with criteria of social equity and economic profitability. It has a National Committee, and at the Amazonian level, the IIAP is the Focal Point. Biotrade is a set of activities for the collection, production, transformation and commercialization of goods and services derived from native biodiversity that involve conservation practices and environmental, social and economic sustainability criteria. In terms of value of the total production of Ucayali, the following FRUITS stand out 1.2. Characteristic, commercialization and biocommercial impact of Amazonian fruits Cacao ( Theobroma cacao ) Origin: The center of origin of cocoa is somewhere in the Amazon, where the Napo, Putumayo and Caqueta rivers, tributaries of the Amazon, originate. Distribution: Cacao is grown mainly in Africa, Central and South America, Asia and Oceania. Approximately 68% of world cocoa production occurs in Africa, with Côte d`Ivoire being the leading country, followed by Ghana, Nigeria and Cameroon. Description: They are characterized by their fruits with soft shells and round seeds, white to violet, sweet and pleasant flavor. The surface of the fruit has ten marked longitudinal grooves, five of which are deeper than those alternating with them. The spines are prominent, warty and irregular. General characteristics: The ripening period of the fruit ranges from four to six months, depending on the altitude above sea level and temperature. The first harvest is concentrated in the months of October, November and December, and the second during March and April.
Marketing: Ucayali is the third largest cocoa-producing region in the country (14% of the total) after San Martín (40%) and Junín (18%). Cocoa production in Peru and Ucayali has been growing steadily in recent years, reaching 152, MT and 22,000 MT, respectively, in 2020. In 2020, Peru exported 55.4 thousand MT of cocoa beans for US$150 million, of which 3% came from the Ucayali region (US$5.2 million). Camu camu (Myrciaria dubia) Origin: it is the western Amazon, and the greatest source of genetic diversity is found in the Peruvian Amazon. The species is widely distributed in the Amazon basin, mainly in the margins of rivers and lakes in Peru, Colombia, Brazil and Venezuela. Distribution: In Peru, natural populations of shrubby camu camu camu have been identified in the Nanay, Itaya, Napo, Putumayo, Yavari, Marañon and Ucayali rivers. Description: Red fruit with a purple hue, reminiscent of jaboticaba, camu camu can be found in almost all of the Brazilian Amazon, appearing as a small shrub, which can reach 4 to 8 meters in height. However, its natural distribution in greater concentration is in the Peruvian Amazon. General characteristics: In its composition, it has various bioactive compounds such as carotenoids, antioxidants, vitamins and phenolic compounds such as anthocyanins and tannins, which give it the characteristics of a functional food. Note: Image extracted from the Ministry of Agriculture of Ucayali. 2020.
Aguaje (Mauritia flexuosa) Origin: CALZADA (1980), states that the center of origin of this palm tree are the swamps formed by the Marañón, Huallaga and Ucayali rivers in their middle part, places called aguajales. Distribution: VILLACHICA (1996), indicates that the aguaje is distributed throughout the Amazon, extending north to the Orinoco Basin, the Guianas, Trinidad and Tobago; to the south it extends to the Brazilian Cenado, reaching the southern Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais and Sao Paolo; to the east it is found on the Brazilian coast; and to the west in the valleys of the Andean Peidemonte in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Description: CODESU (2001), states that the aguaje fruit is a drupe, rounded or elliptical in shape, measuring 5 to 7cm. in length and 4 to 5 cm in diameter, the weight varies from 40 to 85 g. The fruit is covered by a shell (pericarp) of rhomboid-shaped, shiny and smooth, brown to dark red scales, which contains a yellow, orange or reddish orange pulp, 4 to 6 mm. thick, sweet and sour, oily, starchy consistency. The clusters occur in number from two to eight, and the average weight is 40 kg (VILLACHICA, 1996). General characteristics: The fruit is used directly for human consumption, and the leaves are used to obtain fibers for domestic use and handicrafts. The leaves are also used for roofing and the petioles are used to obtain pulp for paper (IIAP, 1997). Commercialization: A basic survey report of microenterprises that manufacture lollipops and ice cream in the city of Pucallpa, carried out by CODESU (2001) states that: The preference in terms of demand for aguaje, they state that 58% buy aguaje in fruit, because processed more pulp is obtained resulting to be more economical to the company and with less risk of fermentation; while 42% of those interviewed state that they prefer to buy in mass because it is less hours of work, the use is immediate and it is easier to discard waste (shell).
The regional direction of agriculture of ucayali through an institutional agreement will realize the project called circulating in the amazon, a work plan that worldwide was launched in two parts of Peru, being Ucayali one of the regions chosen through the amazon 2.0 program, which will benefit the biotrade in the country and in our city. In this new project, several companies and regional, local and international governmental institutions bet on taking biotrade to another level in the new way of doing business in the region involving agriculture. The project of the consortium integrated by Terra Nuova, the Chamber of Commerce, Industry and Tourism of Ucayali, Cospe and ANPE Peru, will contribute to the development of a circular economy model in the Ucayali and San Martin economic corridor, prioritizing four productive chains: Camu Camu, aguaje, aji charapita and coconut. The initiative has three strategic components: Circular economy and bioproducts; Clusters and biotrade; and Ecotourism specialized in agrotourism. These components are managed and developed in coordination with strategic allies such as the National Agrarian University La Molina - UNALM, AITR, MINAM, PRODUCE and MINCETUR, has a duration of 4 years (2021 - 2024), this project aims to contribute to the development and implementation of a model of circular economy and low carbon, based on the management and sustainable use of Amazonian biodiversity resources and aimed at improving the socio-economic conditions of producers, businessmen and businesswomen and the population in the Ucayali and San Martin economic corridor. Note: Image extracted from the Ministry of Agriculture of Ucayali. 2020.
products through social networks and private numbers. It has different flavors of ice cream, among the best sellers are cocoa and aguaje. Pruébalo : Regional winery specializing in the sale of agro-industrial products. Taking into account the fruits; Cacao, aguaje and Camu Camu, they offer products such as exotic drinks, varieties of cookies, candies, ice cream, creams and even kekes. Extra businesses Cooperativa Agraria Alexander Von Humboldt, located in the Alexander Von Humboldt district, province of Padre Abad, Ucayali region, finalized the sale of 20 tons of organic cocoa beans for a value of S/ 194,000 to the company Cooperativa Agraria Norandino. Cocoa grower from Ucayali, dedicated to the sale of organic cocoa beans to the company Norandino Agrarian Cooperative.
Chapter III: Biotrade statistics in Ucayali Statistical data for the period (2019-2021) In the graph given we can clearly see the products that are most marketed both in the region,as in the country being the product of greater demand coffee than with itself to be exported internationallyit achieves a raised value of 45 million soles for thenation. Countries with the highest consumption of amazonian products 22% 19% 15% 14% 13% 11% 8% (^) PALMA CAMU CAMU CACAO COCO CURCUMA CAFÉ AGUAJE Note : Regional Government of Ucayali (2022). Ucayali is leader in exports at national level. Note: Image extracted from the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Tourism.
Export of Camu Camu in Ucayali In the statistical table, it can be seen that in the year 2019 the export of Camu camu in Ucayali was 159 thousand, then this figure was reduced in 2020, where the covid- 19 was presented and there was a significant drop in the export of this Amazonian fruit, as only 58 thousand specimens were sent to other regions. However, with the activation of trade and tourism in 2021, Camu camu exports tripled compared to the previous year, with 232,000 Camu camu exported. It was also identified that in the month of June 2022, exports fell to 46 thousand, this figure is worrying as it is due to the fact that the demand for this product has fallen. It should be noted that in Ucayali the project "Improvement of support services for the Camu Camu production chain in productivity and market management for producers in the province of Coronel Portillo, Department of Ucayali" is being developed, where goals are set for the proper management of the crop, through sustainable techniques, in addition to advising and developing leadership skills for people who are responsible for producing this Amazonian fruit, such action will be reflected in the marketing and marketing of Camu Camu. In this way it is intended to increase the production, supply and demand of Camu Camu, having a positive impact on the environment and encouraging biotrade in Ucayali. Note: Extracted from the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Tourism. Regional Trade Report 2022.
Preference in terms of demand for aguaje in Pucallpa In the graph we can see that 58% of the population interviewed in Pucallpa choose to buy the aguaje in fruit, since more pulp is obtained by processing, which is more economical for the company and with less risk of fermentation; on the other hand, 42% of those interviewed say that they prefer to buy in mass because it is less work, the use is less labour intensive and the pulp is less expensive. They buy in bulk because it takes less working hours, the use is immediate and it is easier to discard waste. immediate and it is easier to dispose of waste (husk). Supply of aguaje fruit in Ucayali With respect to the image, it can be specified that in Ucayali a total of 311 people were interviewed, between wholesalers and producers, with the number of producers being higher. According to Revilla (2018) states that "From the 349 surveys it was determined that the supply of aguaje fruit in the city of Pucallpa in 2017 is 782 148.63 kg, while the demand is 3 830 368.00 kg/year, supplied from Ucayali." In that sense, the aguaje being an Amazonian fruit from the Ucayali region, it is also exported to other regions of Peru, where it also has demand and supply. Note: Extracted from the national agrarian university of the jungle 2007. Note: Extracted Research Institute of the Peruvian Amazon 2018.
References Imán, S & Correa. (2001). Cultivation of Camu Camu, Myrciaria Dubia H.B.K. Accessed on 25 January 2023. Retrieved from http://repositorio.inia.gob.pe/bitstream/20.500.12955/894/1/Iman- Cultivo_Camu_Camu.pdf Marín, M. (s.f). Camu camu Project. Accessed on 25 January 2023. Retrieved from http://www.draucayali.gob.pe/proyecto-camu-camu.html Mincetur (2020). Ucayali foreign trade report, annual 2020. Accessed on 25 January
- Retrieved from https://cdn.www.gob.pe/uploads/document/file/1975846/Reporte%20de%20Com ercio%20-%20Reporte%20Comercio%20Regional%20-%20RCR%20- %20Ucayali%202020%20-%20Anual.pdf Mincetur. (2021). Ucayali. Accessed on 25 January 2023. Retrieved from https://cdn.www.gob.pe/uploads/document/file/2870118/RCR%20Ucayali%20% 202021.pdf Mincetur. (2022). Ucayali, Regional Trade Report. Accessed on 25 January 2023. Retrieved from https://cdn.www.gob.pe/uploads/document/file/3764405/RCR%20Ucayali%20- %20I%20Semestre%202022.pdf?v= Revilla, J. (2018). Determination of the economic potential of aguajales using satellite imagery in the ucayali-peru region. Accessed on 25 January 2023. Retrieved from http://www.iiap.gob.pe/Archivos/Publicaciones/Publicacion_3584999.pdf Vasquez, R. (2007). Characterization of the Geographic - Phenotypic Variation of Mauritia flexuosa L.F (Aguaje) in 03 Sectors of the Ucayali Region - Perú. Accessed on 25 January 2023. Retrieved from https://repositorio.inia.gob.pe/bitstream/20.500.12955/499/1/Vasquez-aguaje.pdf
A nnexes Super Frios products based on Amazonian fruits of Ucayali Products from the Pruebalo shop in Pucallpa, Ucayali.
