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The antibodies bind to an antigen on that pathogen. Each lymphocyte produces just one type of antibody, There they engulf pathogens by endocytosis and digest then with enzymes from lysosomes. a When microorganisms penetrate the skin barriers, the pathogen molecules are recognized as foreign and stimulate a specific immune response. Reactions a Itis the response to particular pathogens that gives specific immunity. after clotting release from platelets result in the production ofthrombin. The fibrin forms a delicate layer in the cuts that traps as many platelets and bload cells as possible. Viruses are lifeless and can only reproduce when they are inside living cells, since they do They move through the pores in the capillary walls and travel to the sites of infection. not have their own metabolism. They do not have their own means of transcription or protein synthesis. Antibiotics can kill invading bacteria or suppress their reproductive potential. The targets of antibiotics include enzymes, 705 ribosomes, and cell wall components. The antibiotics will target the pathogenic bacteria and not the infected hast. They are treated with specific antiviral agents Viruses do not have a metabolism, so they take over the machinery of the infected host cells. E White blood cells gives non-specific immunity to diseases. Platelets and blood clotting Platelets help produce clots which wark to slow or stop bleeding and promote healing. Antibody production Antibiotic resistance Certain strains of bacteria evolved with genes that generated resistance to antibiotics. The clotting process is one that causes the bleeding to Cuts and clots stop Cuts in the skin are healed by blood clotting. | results in the conversion of fibrinegen to fibrin. TOPIC 6.3: Defence against infectious disease Bleeding from a cut changes to a semi-solid gel, which seals and prevents further blood loss. The fact that there is a cut in the skin causes the blood Viral diseases cannot be treated with antibiotics. vessels to be cut nextto the skin and that is where the bleeding begins. Phagocytes . . These form a primary defense against those pathogens that cause infection or even disease. Antibiotics Antibiotics are compounds that kill or inhibit growth. Blood clorting E Blood coagulation involves the production of a catalyst where the reaction is thatthe blood coagulates very quickly. Platelets Us Platelets are cell fragments that circulate in the blood along with red or white blood cells, although their size is a little smaller. Pathogens are microbes that cause disease Some microorganisms can invade the body but can also live out of body. Contains biochemical defence agents Skin Consists of a thick, dry and tough region composed of dead surface cells They help in the elimination of pathogens. Itcontains biochemical defense agents, Mucous membranes since the secretions contain lysozyme and this can cause the destruction of cell walls. They are superficial cells that release fluids, Protects internal structures. 
