¡Descarga Translation: Understanding the Role and Challenges of Translators - Prof. Tejada Caller y más Ejercicios en PDF de Traducción solo en Docsity!
TyLC/ PTC
HT-
Introduction: Brainstorming
1. Translation
1.a. Have ever translated/ interpreted? Describe your experience.
1.b. What do you know about translation?
1.i. Is knowledge of a foreign or second language the only prerequisite for
conducting translation?
1.ii. Do you think that translation ability arises directly from language
learning?
1.c. Any other requirements you may think of?
1.iii. What questions should a translator ask of him/herself (and of the text)
before beginning any assignment?
1.iv. Which kind of material is needed to translate a text?
1.v. Which kind of problems may a translator come across?
1.vi. What do you think is the relationship between faithfulness and
naturalness in translation?
1.d. A translation task may be viewed as a process involving different stages. Could
you mention some of them?
1.e. Do you think that the translator should be “invisible”? What could that mean?
2. Contrastive Linguistics
1.f. What do you know of Contrastive Linguistics? Try to define it.
1.g. What areas do you think it may be applied?
1.h. Are languages comparable? Illustrate your answer with an
example.
1.i. Do you think there are factors conditioning linguistic
comparability?
1.j. Why do you think that Spanish learners of English make this
kind of errors?
1.vii. *I am going to the school I am going to school;
1.viii. *The oranges are healthy Oranges are healthy;
1.ix. *Peter is doctor Peter is a doctor
1.k. Is there any relationship between translation and CL?
3. Spanish and English translators and their world: Read and comment on the
contents of the table below:
España 2011 y 2014
93,4% libros se editan en lenguas españolas 83% castellano
Traducc iones 21,1% (de prod editorial)
D
el inglés 46,7%
90,1% en lenguas españolas 84, % (2014)
Fuente: http://www.mcu.es/libro/docs/panoramica2011.pdf Panorámica de la edición española de libros 2011. Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte Y https://sede.educacion.gob.es/publiventa/descarga.action?f_codigo_agc=14904C
BRITAIN AND AMERICA 2007
“It’s s not just a question of column inches. In any library or bookshop, the vast majority of books on the shelves are by authors writing in English. In stark contrast to publishing throughout the rest of the globe, translated fiction accounts for only a tiny fraction of the books published in the English-speaking world. In Germany 13% of books are translations. In France it's 27%, in Spain 28%, in Turkey 40% and in Slovenia 70%, but in Britain and America the best estimates suggest that the fraction of books on the shelves which started off in another language is somewhere around two per cent. One measure of the lack of interest in translated literature from both government and the industry is that Britain is the only country in Europe that doesn't produce any statistics on translation. ... It's a state of affairs described by translators as "shocking", "pathetic", "scandalous". And according to Esther Allen, the executive director of Columbia University's Centre for Literary Translation, the crisis may be even deeper in fiction. "The number of novels being published in translation is ridiculously small - in the hundreds each year," she says. "If you sort out the authors who are already globally validated - Nobel winners and so on - and the retranslations of the classics, then it's absurd." Richard Lea. Lost: translation. The Guardian , Friday 16 November 2007 (http:// www.theguardian.com/books/2007/nov/16/fiction.richardlea)
4. Two texts: a first approach:
Translators and Their Work: Guides to the World http://www.britannica.com/blogs/2008/02/notes-on-translation/ Gregory McNamee - February 12, 2008 Every human is a translator. Every day we live, we bombard others with and are bombarded by message after message, thought after thought. We encode, we decode; we transmit, we receive. A signal comes to us: we decipher it—we translate it, as a radio tower translates one frequency to another. Our deciphering is sometimes simple. We know, for example, how to interpret accurately—at least some of the time—the words that come from those we know well and care for. Sometimes our deciphering is forced to take on a more enigmatic character, as when a message appears on one’s desk, under the boss’s signature, bearing the words “see me at once” (for good or ill, we ask), or when we are asked by a president to understand that an act of war is good for the security of the republic. In such cases Talleyrand‘s maxim is the law: “Language was given to humans so that they could disguise their thoughts.”
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Teaching Translation. Problems and Solutions by Prof. Constanza Gerding-Salas http://www.bokorlang.com/journal/13educ.htm
“... Translators should be aware of the fact that incorrect comprehension of a text considerably decreases the quality of the translation. We must, therefore, use reading comprehension strategies for translation (underlining words, detecting translation difficulties, contextualizing lexical items—never isolating them -, adapting, analyzing, and so on.) Finding solutions to dilemmas is a constant in the work of the translator. This includes translating problems such as linguistic or cultural "untranslatability," being able to manage losses and gains, solutions to lexical ambiguity, etc., through various mechanisms such as compensation, loans, explanatory notes, adaptation, equivalence, paraphrasing, analogies, etc. Translators should also be aware that meaning is not only conveyed by words. Hence adequate decoding and re-coding of nomenclatures, figures, tables and charts; standardized terms, acronyms, metonyms, toponyms, etc. is a matter that must be properly considered. A good translator should define some essential starting-points for the approximation to a text to be translated, such as the author of the text, the aim of the text, the readership, and the standard to be used, for which it is important to identify and categorize the author, the message, the kind of discourse, the translator and the readership. Another important aspect is the pre-editing of the original text to detect eventual source text defects, on the one hand, and the post-editing of the translated text to verify the use of the most adequate syntactic, semantic and graphemic levels (recognition of the reviser's role), on the other hand. Among formal matters, translators should be aware of and control the sound effect and cadence of the translated text ("translating with the ear") to avoid cacophonous combinations and calque on the source language. Regarding the use of translation procedures and strategies, translators must constantly make choices, in each paragraph, sentence or translation unit, so as to decide which of them is the most useful for the transfer of the ideas in the text being translated. It means adapting the most suitable strategies and techniques to the requirements of the text rather than adopting a certain technique and using it for ever. Last, but not least, translators should observe that the essence—in terms of meaning and sense, register and style, etc.— and the lay out of the original text— in terms of format, i.e. sources, paragraphs, indentation, columns, tables, etc.—is properly adhered to in the translated unit.”
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And a last and encouraging one:
Alex Gross 1995. 1536—1546: Ten Years that Changed The Perception of the Translator
http://language.home.sprynet.com
Those who suppose translators lead hard lives today might want to consider the
fate of their Sixteenth Century colleagues. During the ten years between 1536 and 1546,
three famous translators met their death. One was tortured first and then burned at the
stake in that great center of civilization, Paris. The second was strangled and then burnt in
the city of Antwerp. And even though our third colleague died more naturally, it wasn't
because half of Europe didn't long to see him hanged, drawn, quartered, and impaled in
pieces.
In the most dramatic of these cases, the ostensible reason for the translator's
execution was that he had inserted three extra words in his translation, words not clearly
present in the original.
