Causa y efecto. Vocabulario., Esquemas y mapas conceptuales de Idioma Inglés

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Expressing cause-effect

relationships

In academic speech and writing we often need

to express cause-effect relationships between

two events.

e.g.

In the UK, the government has set up new regulations to protect workers’

health and safety. These measures have resulted in fewer casualties in the

workplace.

The marketing department had overspent its budget, which meant that they

had to make three accountants redundant.

Verbs expressing cause and result: Cause-effect : cause, produce, result in, lead to, bring about, give rise to,

create, be responsible for

Examples:

Blaming often leads to complete breakdown in family communications.

Months of secret talks with the rebels finally resulted in the release of the

hostages

Effect-cause : result from, stem from, be caused/produced/brought about by,

trigger

Examples:

His popularity stemmed from the fact that he was born in the area.

King’s assassination triggered off a wave of rioting.

Practice 1)Identify the cause and the result in the following sentences.

2. Identify the linking expression.

1. Global warming is partly as a result of increasing emissions of greenhouse gases.
2. The parade had to be cancelled owing to bad weather.
3. People are more worried about crime on account of exaggerated reports in the media
4. The decline of the manufacturing industry brought about high unemployment in many countries.
5. The delay was due to a problem with the ship’s engines.
6. Increasing pressure to work overtime causes parents to spend less time with their children.
7. Drugs for the treatment of AIDS remain unavailable to millions owing to their high cost.
8. I thought Kevin was out as his car wasn’t there.
9. Globalisation has given rise to a bland “pop culture” followed by young people worldwide.
10. Poor discipline at school is due to poor parenting at home.
11. We decided to go to the beach since it was a nice day.
12. It’s such a tiny kitchen that I don’t have to do much to keep it clean.

Re-express these ideas using the expression in brackets, starting as suggested.

• The weather was very bad, and the parade had to be cancelled. (so) The weather... (owing to) The parade... (which is why) The weather... (since) Since the weather...
• A childhood illness motivated his difficulty in walking. (is due to) His difficulty………………… (because of) He finds it……………… (result in) ………………………………… (as a result of)……………………………
• Thanks to physical exercise there may be a general diminution in stress levels. (bring about) Physical exercise……… (result from) A general………………… (lead to) …………………………………
• Interest rates may increase if there is a fall in the value of the euro. (lead to) A fall………………………… (result from) An increase…………… (as a result) There may be a………… (give rise to) A fall in……………………………

Re-express these ideas using the expression in brackets, starting as suggested.

• The weather was very bad, and the parade had to be cancelled. (so) The weather was so bad, that the parade had to be cancelled. (owing to) The parade was cancelled owing to the bad weather. (which is why) The weather was very bad, which is why the... (since) Since the weather was so bad, the parade had to...
• A childhood illness motivated his difficulty in walking. (is due to) His difficulty in walking is due to a childhood illness. (because of) He finds it difficult to walk because of a childhood illness. (result in) A childhood illness resulted in his difficulty in walking. (as a result of) As a result of his childhood illness, now he finds it difficult …
• Thanks to physical exercise there may be a general diminution in stress levels. (bring about) Physical exercise may bring about a general diminution in… (result from) A general diminution in stress levels may result from physical… (lead to) Physical exercise may lead to a general diminution…
• Interest rates may increase if there is a fall in the value of the euro. (lead to) A fall in the value of the euro may lead to an increase in interest... (result from) An increase in interest rates may result from a fall in the value… (as a result) There may be a fall in the value of the euro. As a result, interest rates may increase. (give rise to) A fall in the value of the euro may give rise to an increase in…