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Cause / Effect Essay
There are many ways to organize a cause effect essay. Short essay versions may opt for using either a focus‐on‐ causes or focus‐on‐ effects essay
Focus‐on‐cause essay
The following example is an outline for a cause essay about the reasons for cities becoming overcrowded.
Thesis statement : There are two main reasons why these and other cities are becoming so crowded; one economic, the other socio‐cultural.
Essay Body Outline
1st: economic reasons a. cities are engines of development. 2nd: socio‐cultural reasons a. education b. urbanization
Effect essay
The following example is an outline for an effect essay about the effects of the computer on life.
Thesis statement: The two main areas in which computers have brought about a profound change in our lives are in the economic field and in the field of communications.
Essay Body Outline
1st: economic effects a. computers in business b. computers and national economies 2nd: effects on communication a. e‐mail b. globalization
ACADEMIC ESSAY SAMPLE
What a Lack of Sleep Does to You Everyone has at least once in their lives stayed awake throughout an entire night. Usually, being up all night is a choice of high school or college students–usually, for partying; excessively responsible workers and workaholics also tend to spend sleepless nights working on their tasks. It is widely believed that, unlike insomnia (which means a regular lack of sleep); a couple of sleepless nights now and then cannot do much harm. Unfortunately, this is not true; being awake for twenty four hours even once in a long period of time has unpleasant effects on health.
Everyone knows that a night spent without sleep (or having little sleep) can result in fatigue and bad mood in the morning; many would consider this a small price for a night of fun or productive labor. However, several sleepless nights can cause more serious mental effects. In particular, your ability to focus and to make decisions will decrease significantly; having a foggy brain and unclear thinking, as well as falling asleep mid‐day are also among the possible negative effects. However, in a long‐term perspective, the health effects are much worse: proneness to obesity, high blood pressure, heart diseases, diabetes, and so on (NHS).
Actually, fatigue and sleepiness are just the tip of the iceberg. Specifically, experts from Sweden compared the effects of one‐night sleep deprivation to a mild concussion. They conducted a study in which a group of healthy young men slept 8 hours one night, and then abstained from sleep another night. The blood samples taken from the men after the sleepless night revealed a 20% increase of neurochemical markers associated with brain cells damage (compared to the samples taken after the full rest night). “Dysfunctional sleep has been linked with a range of health problems, and it looks like that’s because we’re injuring our brain by not getting enough sleep,” says W. Chris Winter, M.D., medical director of the Martha Jefferson Sleep Medicine Center in Charlottesville, Virginia (Men’s Health).
At the same time, some results of the studies were surprising. According to new research, one night without sleep can increase the levels of dopamine in the brain–a substance responsible, in particular, for wakefulness. Scientists believe that by producing more dopamine, the brain tries to compensate for the negative effects of a sleepless night; still, according to the study, cognitive deficits caused by sleep deprivation remain significant. “[…] Dopamine may increase after sleep deprivation as a compensatory response to the effects of increased sleep drive in the brain,” says David Dinges, PhD, at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine (ScienceDaily).
Obviously, abstaining from sleep has no positive effects on the human body. One‐night deprivation of sleep results in fatigue and irritability; several sleepless nights affect one’s ability to concentrate and make decisions. Swedish experts compared the negative effects of the lack of sleep to a mild concussion, and although studies show that the brain tries to compensate the lack of sleep by producing more dopamine, it is still not enough to compensate the harm dealt. So, no matter what your reasons are to stay awake for a prolonged time, make sure to have a normal 8 hours sleep.
