Concepto de Lenguaje C++, Ejercicios de Ingeniería

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C++

Beginners to Advance www.genial-code.com

Programming!

Objectives

• Become familiar with the basic components of a C++ program, including functions, special symbols, and identifiers
• Explore simple data types
• Discover how to use arithmetic operators
• Examine how a program evaluates arithmetic expressions

Objectives (continued)

• Learn how to use preprocessor directives and why they are necessary
• Explore how to properly structure a program, including using comments to document a program
• Learn how to write a C++ program 4

The Basics of a C++ Program

• Function: collection of statements; when executed, accomplishes something - May be predefined or standard
• Syntax: rules that specify which statements (instructions) are legal
• Programming language: a set of rules, symbols, and special words
• Semantic rule: meaning of the instruction 5

Special Symbols

• Special symbols
  • • • /. ; 7 ? , <= != ==

    =

Reserved Words (Keywords)

• Reserved words, keywords, or word symbols
  • Include:
    • int
    • float
    • double
    • char
    • const
    • void
    • return 8

Identifiers (continued)

• The following are legal identifiers in C++:
  • first
  • conversion
  • payRate 10

Whitespaces

• Every C++ program contains whitespaces
  • Include blanks, tabs, and newline characters
• Used to separate special symbols, reserved words, and identifiers
• Proper utilization of whitespaces is important
  • Can be used to make the program readable 11

Simple Data Types

• Three categories of simple data
  • Integral: integers (numbers without a decimal)
  • Floating-point: decimal numbers
  • Enumeration type: user-defined data type 13

Simple Data Types (continued)

• Integral data types are further classified into nine categories: C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fourth Edition 14

int Data Type

• Examples:
  • 6728 0 78
  • 763
• Positive integers do not need a + sign
• No commas are used within an integer
  • Commas are used for separating items in a list C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fourth Edition 16

bool Data Type

• bool type
  • Two values: true and false
  • Manipulate logical (Boolean) expressions
• true and false are called logical values
• bool, true, and false are reserved words C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fourth Edition 17

Floating-Point Data Types

• C++ uses scientific notation to represent real numbers (floating-point notation) C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fourth Edition 19

Floating-Point Data Types

(continued)

• float: represents any real number
  • Range: - 3.4E+ 38 to 3.4E+ 38 (four bytes)
• double: represents any real number
  • Range: - 1.7E+ 308 to 1.7E+ 308 (eight bytes)
• On most newer compilers, data types double and long double are same C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fourth Edition 20