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Carrera : Negocios Internacionales
Materia : Fundamentos de la Administración.
Maestro : Nancy Margarita Sáenz Garza.
Grupo : 1CI
Actividad : Evidencia #1 investigación de los conceptos fundamentales
de la administración.
Equipo : 1CI
Integrantes :
Yahir Ramón Ramírez Mata 2015461
Natalia Michelle Salinas Guerra 2001679
Keila Evelyn Antonio Quiroz 2123590
Amy Clarissa Guadarrama Pequeño 1947057
Salma Lucía Cepeda Garza 2032546
Fecha de vencimiento : 20 de Agosto del 2021.
UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE
NUEVO LEÓN
FACULTAD DE CONTADURÍA
PÚBLICA Y ADMINISTRACIÓN
INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 2
ADMINISTRATION BASICS.................................................................................... 2
CONCEPTS OF THE COMPETITIVE MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT ............... 4
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES OF COMPANIES THAT MAKE THE BUSINESS
ENVIRONMENT EVOLVE....................................................................................... 5
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES............................................................................... 6
CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................ 7
INDEX
this subject will quickly see that there are widely differing views as to what strategy is, and is not. Is also an action that managers take to attain one or more of the organization’s goals, can also be defined as “A general direction set for the company and its various components to achieve a desired state in the future. Strategy results from the detailed strategic planning process”. Organization Organization refers to a collection of people, who are involved in pursuing defined objectives. It can be understood as a social system which comprises all formal human relationships. The organization encompasses division of work among employees and alignment of tasks towards the ultimate goal of the company, it can also be referred as the second most important managerial function, that coordinates the work of employees, procures resources and combines the two, in pursuance of company’s goals, is a goal oriented process, which aims at achieving them, through proper planning and coordination between activities. It relies on the principle of division of work and set up an authority- responsibility relationship among the members of the organization. Human resources It is a truism in modern management that ‘an organization’s most valuable resource is its people’. We saw in the last chapter that organizations are composed of people working with technology, organized into various units and sub-units such as groups, teams, departments and business units. But people are more than just providers of labor. They are also the primary custodians of organizational knowledge and provide the vital spark of creativity that makes businesses innovative and competitive. Without people, organizations would exist only on paper. Marketing Marketing is the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large. If human resource management is the interface between the business and its people, then marketing is the interface with another equally important group, customers. Put simply, marketing is how businesses attract and keep customers, who in turn pay for goods and services, which renders the business profitable and enables it to exist and grow. Production Production is about making things, which are then sold to customers in exchange for money. The production department was once regarded as the heart of the business, the single most important element in any business organization. Today, the marketing orientation has changed this view, but production remains a vitally important element. Without an efficient and effective production department, the promises marketing makes to customers cannot be fulfilled, or at least not at a profit. Finance
Corporate finance is, or can be, a very complex subject. The methods of calculation used in reporting and control procedures are often very complex, as are the financial instruments that financial managers use. This is so much the case that financial managers are increasingly being trained quite separately from other managers, and financial management is becoming seen in academic circles as a discipline in its own right. Is also defined as the management of money and includes activities such as investing, borrowing, lending, budgeting, saving, and forecasting. There are three main types of finance:
- Personal
- Corporate
- Public/government. Knowledge Knowledge Management is the process of capturing, distributing, and effectively using knowledge. Theories are still being developed in this new field, but most people are now aware of the importance of knowledge in business. A new sub-discipline of knowledge, ‘knowledge management’, has been created and a body of literature has been established and is accumulating rapidly. Culture Put very simply, culture means the values, customs, beliefs, and behaviors held in common by a group of people. This group can be very large – we sometimes speak of ‘Western culture’ to mean the whole of Europe, North America, and Australia/New Zealand – or very small, as in the case of a golf club or a sporting team which has a particular ethos and way of doing things. CONCEPTS OF THE COMPETITIVE MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT Michael Porter argues in his first book "Competitive Strategy" that the profitability potential of a company is defined by five forces. The usefulness of this management tool is that companies can analyze and measure their resources. From there, they will be in the best position to establish and plan strategies to enhance their opportunities or strengths to address threats and weaknesses. Trading power of clients It considers that the more the consumers organize themselves, the more demands and conditions will be imposed on the price, quality or service ratio, therefore the company will have less margin and the market will then be less attractive. In addition, the client has the power to choose. Bargaining power of suppliers When suppliers have a lot of organization within their sector, relevant resources, and conditions about order prices and sizes, that’s when they make a more attractive market. Here we measure how easy it is for our suppliers to vary prices, delivery times, payment
- What is my competitor doing to give value, to connect with the market?
- What are the attributes of your product or service that my company does not generate?
- How does the sales force of the competition work, what doesn’t mine do? ,
- How satisfied is my market, as I measure it?
- Internal and external value chain : The value chain identifies and shows the activities that a company undertakes and the functional (systemic) interrelationship of the same, when it seeks to generate the greatest possible value to the customer in the Product or Service that it offers. Visualizing the internal value chain in your business, giving it its proper place in the analysis allows you to understand what processes are about, how they interact, what is wrong, and what can be improved. And going one step further, identify the value chain to which your business belongs in vertical and horizontal integration. This not only gives you full knowledge of how to interact with your suppliers and collaborators, but also negotiating power, visualizing alliances, partnerships and even identifying clusters where to achieve economies of scale.
- Resource characteristics and factors you need to produce or generate services : We recommend evaluating the "situation" resources or factors you require to produce or generate the service. To seek to have a specialized Human Resource, with the required technical and human competencies, that knows how to work in a team, that has the capacity to manage and recognize improvements and that is innovative. Undoubtedly a number of aspects that will greatly enhance your competitive advantage. COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES A competitive advantage is any characteristic of a company, country or person that differentiates it from others, placing it in a relative superior position to compete. That is, any attribute that makes it more competitive than the others. The concept of competitive advantage was developed precisely by Michael Porter in 1980. The attributes that contribute to having a comparative advantage are innumerable. But we can cite as an example the advantageous access to natural resources (such as high-grade minerals or low-cost energy sources), highly qualified labor, geographical location or high entry barriers, which can be enhanced if we have a product that is difficult to imitate or if we have a great brand. The ease of accessing new technologies can also be considered another attribute of competitive advantage. For example, sunny countries have a competitive advantage in generating solar energy. However, these attributes are often difficult to maintain in the long term. For this reason, companies seek to find new competitive advantages and enhance those they already have. The goal is to position yourself better than your competitors. This can be achieved by offering your customers a higher value for your products or services. Types of competitive advantage
- Cost leadership : In this case you compete for lower costs. The most significant example are all low-cost or low-cost airlines.
- Product differentiation : In this case the sale price of the product will be higher, competing with a higher quality product. For example, Apple has managed to get its audience to associate its brand with high-performance equipment and the most advanced design.
- Market segmentation : Although it is not considered another competitive advantage, it is mentioned. Since it uses one of the other two competitive advantages but in a smaller scope of the market, industry or country. The competitive cost advantage A company has a cost advantage when it has lower costs than its competitors. Lower costs for a product, service similar or comparable in quality. Thanks to the cost advantage, the company manages to lower its prices until it annuls its competitor's margin. The cost leadership strategy is recommended when:
- The product is standardized : Many products of the same quality and price are offered and it is offered by multiple suppliers or companies.
- There are few ways to achieve product differentiation : Try to make your product be perceived and provide different characteristics to the buyer. Characteristics, of course, that are significant and valued by the buyer. Sources of competitive cost advantage It has been considered that the main source of the competitive advantage in costs is derived from the experience effect which has its origin in the learning effect.
- Learning effect : It consists in that the manufacturing time of a product unit decreases as a greater number of units of that product are produced.
- Experience effect : Causes the experience accumulated by the company to decrease in unit terms the real cost of the company's total added value. The competitive advantage in product differentiation It is said that a company has a competitive advantage in product differentiation when it offers a product or service that, being comparable to that of another company, has certain attributes or characteristics that make it perceived as unique by customers. Therefore, customers are willing to pay more to obtain a product from one company than another. The product differentiation strategy is more appropriate when any of the following circumstances occur:
- Customers attach special importance to aspects such as quality, or use the product to differentiate themselves socially.
- Distinguishing characteristics are difficult to imitate, at least quickly and inexpensively. CONCLUSION "The journey of a thousand miles begin with one step" (Lao Tzu). As a team, we believe that knowing how to be an organized person is a must, not only in our daily life but in our professional futures as well. We need to clarify something: efficiency is a measure of how well or how productively resources are used to achieve a goal, effectiveness is a measure
