CONDITIONALS
Form
Used for
Examples
If clause
Result clause
Z
E
R
O
If+ present simple
present
simple/imperative
Talking about something which is
always true as a result of
something else
You can also use present
continous or present perfect
If you do sport, your heart rate increases
If you haven’t been to New York, you
haven’t lived
F
I
R
S
T
If+ present simple
will/might +
infinitive
Talking about a present or future
situation that is possible or
probable
Giving advice
I’ll have finished in an hour if you don’t
disturb me
If you wear a helmet, you won’t damaged
your head
S
E
C
O
N
D
If+ past simple
would/could +
infinitive
Talking about a present or future
situation that is imaginary or
hypothetical
If there was a fire in this hotel, it would be
very difficult to escape
If it wasn’t so expensive, we could go to
Nicaragua
T
H
I
R
D
If+ past perfect
simple
would/ may/ might/
could / should
have+ past
participle
Talking about a hypothetical
situation in the past with a past
consequences
If we had stayed in the water, we would
have seen the shark
If you had come to class more often, you
would probably have passed the exam
WISHES & REGRETS
WISH FOR PRESENT/ FUTURE
Wish + past simple/ past continuous
When we want something to be
different in the present
I wish it weren’t raining (it’s raining)
wish + would /wouldn’t
Things we want to happen or stop
happening because they annoy us
I wish the bus would come. I’m freezing
WISH FOR PAST REGRETS
Wish+ past perfect
Talk about thing that happened or
didn’t happened in the past and wich
we now regret
I wish I had worked harder at school