Testing for Failure Prevention & Analysis: Overload, Fatigue, Attrition, Corrosion | Apuntes de Materiales

REPORT ON THE SEMINAR OF:

PREVENTION AND ANALYSIS OF FAILURES BY NON-DESTRUCTIVE AND DESTRUCTIVE TESTS

The M.M.I.M. Emmanuel Ramírez Contreras with the expert position in SABINFOSISTEM, as an

expert in metallurgy and materials engineering, started by introducing the viewers about the role

non-destructive tests have and what these are, without first talking about what are the correct

steps to carry out the process , based on your experience in that job, starting by following the next

steps:

1. PREVENTION: Preparation and disposition to avoid a risk when executing a job based on

an inspection.

2. FAILURE ANALYSIS: It is the process of interpreting the characteristics of a deteriorated

system or component to determine why it is not able of performing the function for which

it was designed anymore.

3. NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING: This type of tests are carried out on metallic and non-

metallic materials, with the final purpose to determine their health.

4. DESTRUCTIVE TESTS: Destructive tests are defined as those tests that are carried out on a

material through the use of tools or machines which produce an irreversible alteration of

its chemical, mechanical composition or dimensional geometry.

He spoke about the failure analysis, which objective is to determine the primary causes of the

failure and take as based based on the inspected. There are several causes or reasons that cause

the failure. He mentioned that there are 4 types of damage mechanisms that cause the failure of

mechanical equipment, these are:

Overload or overpressure

Fatigue

attrition

Corrosion

To analyze a fault, there are destructive methods which are conventional, and non-destructive

methods, starting with penetrating liquids, which is a technique that is based on the physical

principle of "Capillarity" and consists of the application of a liquid with good penetration

characteristics in small openings, on the clean surface of the material to be inspected. Once

sufficient time has passed for the newly applied penetrating liquid to enter the surface opening (s),

a removal or cleaning of excess penetrating liquid is carried out, by using some absorbent material

(paper, rags, etc.) and then an absorbent liquid is applied, commonly called developer, of a

different color to the penetrating liquid, which will absorb the liquid that has penetrated the

surface openings.

Another technique, is that of magnetic particles, which is based on magnetism, which mainly

exhibits by ferrous materials such as steel, and consists of the attraction between metals. That is,

when a metal is magnetic, it attracts at its ends or poles other metals that are equally magnetic or

Vista previa parcial del texto

¡Descarga Testing for Failure Prevention & Analysis: Overload, Fatigue, Attrition, Corrosion y más Apuntes en PDF de Materiales solo en Docsity!

REPORT ON THE SEMINAR OF:

PREVENTION AND ANALYSIS OF FAILURES BY NON-DESTRUCTIVE AND DESTRUCTIVE TESTS

The M.M.I.M. Emmanuel Ramírez Contreras with the expert position in SABINFOSISTEM, as an expert in metallurgy and materials engineering, started by introducing the viewers about the role non-destructive tests have and what these are, without first talking about what are the correct steps to carry out the process , based on your experience in that job, starting by following the next steps:

PREVENTION: Preparation and disposition to avoid a risk when executing a job based on an inspection.
FAILURE ANALYSIS: It is the process of interpreting the characteristics of a deteriorated system or component to determine why it is not able of performing the function for which it was designed anymore.
NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING: This type of tests are carried out on metallic and non- metallic materials, with the final purpose to determine their health.
DESTRUCTIVE TESTS: Destructive tests are defined as those tests that are carried out on a material through the use of tools or machines which produce an irreversible alteration of its chemical, mechanical composition or dimensional geometry. He spoke about the failure analysis, which objective is to determine the primary causes of the failure and take as based based on the inspected. There are several causes or reasons that cause the failure. He mentioned that there are 4 types of damage mechanisms that cause the failure of mechanical equipment, these are:  Overload or overpressure  Fatigue  attrition  Corrosion To analyze a fault, there are destructive methods which are conventional, and non-destructive methods, starting with penetrating liquids, which is a technique that is based on the physical principle of "Capillarity" and consists of the application of a liquid with good penetration characteristics in small openings, on the clean surface of the material to be inspected. Once sufficient time has passed for the newly applied penetrating liquid to enter the surface opening (s), a removal or cleaning of excess penetrating liquid is carried out, by using some absorbent material (paper, rags, etc.) and then an absorbent liquid is applied, commonly called developer, of a different color to the penetrating liquid, which will absorb the liquid that has penetrated the surface openings. Another technique, is that of magnetic particles, which is based on magnetism, which mainly exhibits by ferrous materials such as steel, and consists of the attraction between metals. That is, when a metal is magnetic, it attracts at its ends or poles other metals that are equally magnetic or

able to magnetized. According to the above, if a magnetic material has discontinuities on its surface, these will act as poles, and therefore, will attract any magnetic or ferromagnetic material that is close to them. In this way, a magnetic metal can be magnetized locally or globally and can be spreaded on its surface, small pieces or tiny magnetic particles and thus observe any accumulation of the same, which is evidence of the presence of subsurface and/or surface discontinuities in the metal. Finally he spoke about the ultrasound technique. It is based on the generation, propagation and detection of elastic waves (sound) through materials. An acoustically coupled sensor or transducer is shown on the surface of a material. This sensor contains a piezoelectric element, whose function is to convert electrical pulses into small movements or vibrations, which in turn generate sound, with a frequency in the megahertz range (inaudible to the human ear). Sound or vibrations, in the form of elastic waves, propagate through the material until it completely loses its intensity or until it meets an interface, Sound or vibrations, in the form of elastic waves, propagate through the material until it completely loses its intensity or until bump to an interface, that is, some other material such as air or water and, as a consequence, waves can suffer reflexión, refracción, distorsión, etc. This can translate into a change in intensity, direction and propagation angle of the original waves. Another test that he mentioned but did not expose was X-rays, and he mentions that these last tests have to be performed by qualified personnel since they are tests that require interpretation. He showed some micrographs and how he has used the techniques mentioned above, including analysis on an airplane where he couldn't show much for confidentiality reasons and also analysis on INTERAPAS's pipes, where he showed their metallographic analysis.

Testing for Failure Prevention & Analysis: Overload, Fatigue, Attrition, Corrosion, Apuntes de Materiales

Documentos relacionados

Vista previa parcial del texto

¡Descarga Testing for Failure Prevention & Analysis: Overload, Fatigue, Attrition, Corrosion y más Apuntes en PDF de Materiales solo en Docsity!

REPORT ON THE SEMINAR OF:

PREVENTION AND ANALYSIS OF FAILURES BY NON-DESTRUCTIVE AND DESTRUCTIVE TESTS