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Esquema colonización, Esquemas y mapas conceptuales de Filología hispánica

Universidad de Salamanca (USAL)Filología hispánica
Prof. Eva Guerrero

Asignatura: Literatura hispanoamericana (Colonial), Profesor: eva guerrero, Carrera: Filología Hispánica, Universidad: USAL

Tipo: Esquemas y mapas conceptuales

2017/2018

Subido el 12/01/2018

nestorsg7
nestorsg7 🇪🇸

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La colonización
This!is!a!guideline!(I!couldn’t!write!everything!down)!of!the!ideas!we!covered!in!class!so!you!
can!have!the!main!points!written!down.!I!hope!it!helps.!
!
Context'-'Europe'before'the'colonization:'
- Lack!of!gold!and!silver!
- Interest!in!bringing!spices!and!fabrics,!among!other!products,!from!Asia!
- Fall!of!Constantinople!stopped!the!commerce!to!Asia!
- Advances!in!navigation!techniques!
- Advantageous!use!of!gunpowder!
'
Context'-'Spain'before'the'colonization:'
- The!Reconquista!ended!in!1492!after!approx.!800!years!
- Isabel!and!Fernando!were!the!king!and!queen!of!Spain!(the!Catholic!Monarchs)!
- Isabel!was!queen!of!Castilla!and!Fernando!king!of!Aragón!
- Fernando!included!religious!military!orders!as!part!of!the!army!
- Isabel!tried!to!improve!the!Church!by!making!more!strict!rules!
- By!the!end!of!the!15th!century!Spain!was!a!great!state!with!most!of!the!power!
concentrated!in!the!monarchy!
- There!was!an!extended!mentality!of!religious!quest.!After!the!expulsion!of!jews!and!
muslims,!colonization!seemed!the!next!step!to!take!in!the!name!of!god.!
'
Trip'to'the'Americas'
- Columbus!wasn’t!the!first!European!to!travel!to!America.!There!are!testimonies!of!
Viking!trips!around!1000!a.!D.!
- Before!colonization!it!is!estimated!that!there!was!around!80!million!people!living!in!
America!and!60!million!people!living!in!Europe!(it!is!estimated!than!by!then!end!of!the!
first!years!of!colonization,!80%!of!the!population!in!America!had!died!because!of!wars!
or!diseases).!
- Arriving!to!America!Europeans!faced:!
o Different!climate!conditions!
o Different!geographical!conditions!(from!the!sandy!beaches!of!the!Caribbean!to!
the!Andes)!
o The!indigenous!population!(very!important!in!the!colonization!process)!
'
'
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La colonización

This is a guideline (I couldn’t write everything down) of the ideas we covered in class so you can have the main points written down. I hope it helps. Context - Europe before the colonization:

  • Lack of gold and silver
  • Interest in bringing spices and fabrics, among other products, from Asia
  • Fall of Constantinople stopped the commerce to Asia
  • Advances in navigation techniques
  • Advantageous use of gunpowder Context - Spain before the colonization:
  • The Reconquista ended in 1492 after approx. 800 years
  • Isabel and Fernando were the king and queen of Spain (the Catholic Monarchs)
  • Isabel was queen of Castilla and Fernando king of Aragón
  • Fernando included religious military orders as part of the army
  • Isabel tried to improve the Church by making more strict rules
  • By the end of the 15th^ century Spain was a great state with most of the power concentrated in the monarchy
  • There was an extended mentality of religious quest. After the expulsion of jews and muslims, colonization seemed the next step to take in the name of god. Trip to the Americas
  • Columbus wasn’t the first European to travel to America. There are testimonies of Viking trips around 1000 a. D.
  • Before colonization it is estimated that there was around 80 million people living in America and 60 million people living in Europe (it is estimated than by then end of the first years of colonization, 80% of the population in America had died because of wars or diseases).
  • Arriving to America Europeans faced: o Different climate conditions o Different geographical conditions (from the sandy beaches of the Caribbean to the Andes) o The indigenous population (very important in the colonization process)

Cristóbal Colón

  • Italian
  • Went first to the Portuguese monarchy to ask for support.
  • He later tried with the Spanish Monarchs
  • Isabel la Católica, queen of Castilla, agreed to sponsor his expedition
  • In 1492 they signed the Capitulaciones de Santa Fe (document explaining what each party will contribute to and get from the expedition)
  • Columbus arrived to America on the 12 October 1492: he arrived to La Española
  • During his life he took another three trips to the Caribbean area and exploited its resources, especially the gold resources, to their most. Hernán Cortés and Mexico
  • Decided to head to the continent looking for gold and riches
  • He leaves the Caribbean in 1519 heading toward the continent
  • Helped by native tribes (like the Totonacas) he entered Tenochtitlan
  • Guided by La Malinche (guide and interpreter, and also mother to his first child)
  • Tenochtitlan was the greatest city of central America (Around 14 sq. km). City built in lake Texcoco
  • Why did they accept the Spanish as they arrived? o It was year 1 of their calendar (every 52 years they started from year 1) o They expected the arrival of god Quetzacoatl
  • Taking advantage of this coincidence Cortés took Moctezuma (Aztec emperor) prisoner
  • Moctezuma was murdered (by his own people or the Spanish)
  • Cortés fled Tenochtitlan and come back later organized with a small army. He managed to win with the help of native tribes and the effect of diseases brought from Europe, like the smallpox.
  • After the colonization of the area was over Tenochtitlan was renamed Mexico
  • After rising to power Cortés was merciless with the Indians: genocides Francisco Pizarro and Peru
  • The Inca Empire was 1500 miles with the Pacific Ocean on one side and the Andes on the other
  • Pizarro was able to enter Peru because of the internal conflicts. o Huana Capac conquered Quito and married the daughter of the defeated king (which made him a traitor for marrying outside the royalty and ignoring the traditions) o They had a son Atahualpa, to whom Huana Capac left the throne ater his death o Huana Capac also had another son, Huáscar, who was actually royalty o Pizarro entered the empire when both brothers were fighting for the power