U.1 GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
Have / has + past participle ( 3ª column ) / -ed
-An action that started in the past and continues to the present.
The students have been in school since 7.00
-An action that took place at an unspecified time in the past and is relevant to the present.
My brother has graduated from university
TIME EXPRESSIONS: never, ever ( alguna vez ), already ( ya ), just, yet, recently, lately, in
recent years, for, since ( desde/ desde entonces ), How long..?
PAST PERFECT SIMPLE
had + past participle ( 3ª column ) / -ed
-An action that took place before ( antes de ) a specific moment in the past.
Rob had finished his exam before the bell rang.
TIME EXPRESSIONS: already ( ya ), by the time ( para cuando/ cuando ), after ( después ),
before, until ( hasta que ), never, just, when, as soon as ( en cuanto/ tan pronto como )
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
have / has + been + verb + -ing
-An action that started in the past and is still going on at the present moment or whose
( cuyos ) results are still apparent ( evidentes )
We´re tired. We have been working on our project all day.
TIME EXPRESSIONS: for a month/ year, since 2004, all night/ morning/ day/ week, How
long…?
