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74 Grammar summary | UNIT 1 PRESENT SIMPLE Form and use Affirmative l/you/we/they live Negative /you/we/they don't live (dorYt = do not) he/shevit lives he/she/it doesnt live | (doesn't = does not) —] Short answer Yes, /you/we/they do. No, l/you/we/they don't. Yes, he/she/it does. No, he/sheñit doesnt | | Question do l/you/we/they live? does he/she/it live? — We use the present simple to talk about: + things which are always or generally true Pm an architect. | design office buildings. + repeated actions and routines He takes the children to school and then he goes to work. e permanent situations She works as an occupational therapist, To form the third person singular (affirmative), we add -s to the main verb. She helps people aller an injury. After words ending -s, -ss, -sh, -ch and -o, we add -es. He watches a lot of sport on TV. If a verb ends in -y, we replace -y with -í and add -es. She studies Russian in her free time. Negatives and questions To form negative sentences and questions in the present simple, we use do/don't/does/doesn't with the main verb. She doesn't like chicken. They don't have a car. Do you work here? Does the bank open on Saturday? What time does the film start? We often give short answers to yes/no questions using do, don't, does and doesn't. We don't use the full verb. A: Do you work at weekends? B: No, | don't. (not Ae + lonttfive) A: Does sho live near here? B: Yes, she does. (noi Yes sheives.) Wh- questions start with a question word (e.g. What, Where, Who, When, How). The question word is sometimes the subject, and sometimes the object. In subject questions, the question word is the subject of the question. We do not use the auxiliary verb (do/does). Who manages the company? (subjeci) Which bus goes to the city centre? (subjeci) In object questions, the question word is not the subject of the verb. We use the auxiliary verb do/does. Who do you work for? fobject) Which bus do [take to go to the city centre? (object) » Exercises 1 and 2 EXPRESSIONS OF FREQUENCY Adverbs of frequency We often use adverbs of frequency (always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, never) with the present simple to talk about how often we do something. Adverbs of frequency normally come before the main verb or after the verb be. always wear a suit to work. He is often late. Sometimes, usually and often can also come at the beginning of a sentence Sometimes | siay at home and read a book. In negative sentences, adverbs of frequency come between the auxiliary verb and the main verb. don't often eat Mexican food. Adverbial phrases We use adverbial phrases (once a week, on Mondays, at the weekend) with the present simple. e every hour / day / week / month / year / Sunday + most days / weeks / weekends + onceaín) / twice aln) / three times a(n) day / week / month e atthe weekend / nine o'clock + in the spring / the summer / the autumn /the winter Adverbial phrases can come at the beginning or the end of a sentence. Most days | get home before 6 p.m. They go on holiday twice a year. > Exercises 3-5 INDIRECT QUESTIONS When we want to be polite, we ask indirect questions. We start with an expression such as Can/Could you tell me . Do you know ... , ld like to know ... In these questions, tne word order is the same as in an affirmative sentence. Can you tell me how many rooms your Hat has? (Direct question: How many rooms does your fal have?) Do you know how old she is? [Direct question: How oldís she?) For yes/no questions, we form indirect questions using ¡For whether. Pd like to know if the bus leaves from here. (Direct question: Does the bus leave from here?) > Exercise 6 
